Romania, county by county. 2025

Name: Raport afaceri România 2025 — marje de profit, sectoare CAEN și județe — date agregate
Creator: DemoANAF.ro

Capital, people and business. Discover the differences on the map.

CSV data

42 TERRITORIES · BALANCE SHEETS AND TENDERS 2025

Where capital gathers

Pick a county

Main activity · CAEN 47522025

Equity · RON

Blue: low valuesYellow: high values

-22.8M

206.8M

1.1B

2.8B

5.2B

42 of 42 territories with values · Relative scale across counties in this selection · square-root spacing, anchored at zero. Colours are recalculated when the selection changes.▧ No data

Select a county

Romania · Comerț cu amănuntul al articolelor de fierărie, al articolelor din sticlă și a celor pentru vopsit, în magazine specializate (Rev.2) / Comerț cu amănuntul al articolelor de fierărie, al materialelor de construcții, al articolelor din sticlă și a celor pentru vopsit (Rev.3) · CAEN 4752 · balance sheets available for 2025

Sales

+7.2%

Higher sales, at the same companies.

2,373 comparable companies · 2025 / 2024

Profitability

3.5%

Net margin of the typical company.

2,440 eligible companies · 61% of companies with a known result are profitable

Concentration

75%

Of sales, in the hands of the top ten companies.

Share of the selection's turnover · 2025

Size of the selection

Updated 9/18/2026, 2:44:30 PM · balance sheets 2025 / 2024

Companies analysed: 2,877; With at least one financial indicator available
Cumulative turnover: 24.12B RON; 2,757 companies with a known value
Cumulative net result: 2.04B RON; 2,877 companies · profit minus losses
Employees reported: 26,996; 2,612 companies · annual averages summed

/01Geography

Where business concentrates

Turnover and jobs, by the companies' current registered office. Pick a county from the list to continue the analysis.

Bacău holds 55.3% of observed sales in the selected sector, with 72 companies.

Counties by turnover

Top 8 · 2025 balance sheets · share of the located-county total

13.33B RON55.3%
4.12B RON17.1%
798.95M RON3.3%
438.41M RON1.8%
363.55M RON1.5%
353.91M RON1.5%
299.7M RON1.2%
282.81M RON1.2%

Where the employees are

Top 8 by reported average headcount · share of the located-county total

12,98548.1%
4,15315.4%
8153%
5732.1%
5482%
5272%
5121.9%
4721.7%

/02CAEN sectors

Which sectors drive the economy?

Compare the main activities in Romania. Open a sector for details.

In Fabricarea autovehiculelor, ten companies make 100% of sales. In Transport rutier de mărfuri, only 4.5%.

How much of a sector fits in ten companies?

Concentration extremes among the top 8 sectors by turnover · share of observed sales, not market share

Fabricarea autovehiculelor100%
Transport rutier de mărfuri4.5%

Search a sector

Compare by

40 sectors · descending orderTurnover · 2025

42,364 companies

162.02B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+7.3%

33,695 comparable

Top 10 companies

68.3%

Top 10 companies

68.3%

45,400 companies

80.97B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+6.8%

34,735 comparable

Top 10 companies

4.5%

Top 10 companies

4.5%

1,200 companies

79.6B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+2.4%

1,003 comparable

Top 10 companies

85.3%

Top 10 companies

85.3%

1,784 companies

73.26B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+11%

1,422 comparable

Top 10 companies

46%

Top 10 companies

46%

13,519 companies

53.58B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+9.9%

8,078 comparable

Top 10 companies

18.2%

Top 10 companies

18.2%

36,915 companies

51.98B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+9.1%

27,141 comparable

Top 10 companies

20.8%

Top 10 companies

20.8%

36 companies

51.92B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+9.9%

29 comparable

Top 10 companies

100%

Top 10 companies

100%

2,039 companies

48.57B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+4.4%

1,628 comparable

Top 10 companies

48.5%

Top 10 companies

48.5%

3,370 companies

45.93B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+14.3%

2,983 comparable

Top 10 companies

56.5%

Top 10 companies

56.5%

1,986 companies

45.4B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+12.3%

1,560 comparable

Top 10 companies

43.1%

Top 10 companies

43.1%

One company, one main code. Growth uses the same companies in both years; missing values remain "—". CAEN definitions sit next to each name.

/03Performance

What the typical company looks like

Beyond the giants: sales and margin of the company in the middle of the distribution.

The typical company sells 475.23K RON a year and keeps 3.5% of sales as net profit.

Median turnover: 475.23K RON; 2,757 values available
Median net margin: 3.5%; 2,440 eligible companies
Aggregate net margin: 8.5%; Cumulative profit / cumulative sales, same companies
Profitable companies: 61%; 1,756 of 2,877 with a known result
National median · CAEN 4752: 3.5%; Same activity, all of Romania

Distribution of net margins

Companies by margin band · net profit / positive turnover

Loss69028.3%
Zero result20.1%
Above 0–2%31512.9%
Above 2–5%39816.3%
Above 5–10%47419.4%
Above 10%56123%

2,440 companies with a known profit and positive sales; 437 excluded. Bands describe margins, not bankruptcy risk.

/04Change

Who grew. Who shrank.

Same companies, two years. Compare the change in sales with the change in jobs.

52% of the 2,373 comparable companies sold more in 2025 than in 2024.

Cumulative turnover: +7.2%; 2,373 companies with turnover in both years
Median turnover change: +1.7%; Only companies with a positive 2024 baseline
Number of employees: +2.9%; 2,094 companies with employees reported in both years

More sales or fewer?

Number of companies with comparable data, split by direction of change

Growth1,23452%
Decline1,06044.7%
No change793.3%

Nominal changes in RON, not adjusted for inflation. Companies without data in one of the years are not compared.

/05Dynamics

Company dynamics, county by county

Growth, survival, concentration, the trade register and state dependence in 2025: the national figure and the counties at both ends, for every map layer.

How much business grew on last year

Turnover change at the same companies · % vs 2025−1

RO +7.2%

Nationally: +7.2% in 2025. Highest values: Dâmbovița (+25%), Gorj (+20.9%), Bistrița-Năsăud (+20.7%), Covasna (+19.8%), Sălaj (+18.7%). Lowest: Vaslui (-32.4%), Giurgiu (-9.9%), Ialomița (-4.6%), Brașov (-2.1%), Sibiu (-2%). 42 counties with data.

The five-year growth pace

Average annual turnover growth at the same companies · % per year, 5 years

RO +7.9%

Nationally: +7.9% in 2025. Highest values: Covasna (+14.6%), Botoșani (+13.2%), Mureș (+12.9%), Sibiu (+12.2%), București (+11.4%). Lowest: Vaslui (-24.1%), Teleorman (-9%), Călărași (+0%), Hunedoara (+2.7%), Tulcea (+2.8%). 42 counties with data.

How many companies still file after five years

Companies that filed five years ago and still file in 2025 · %

RO 75%

Nationally: 75% in 2025. Highest values: Neamț (88.4%), Suceava (87.8%), Vrancea (87.5%), Botoșani (85.7%), Galați (85.5%). Lowest: Vaslui (60%), București (62.8%), Dâmbovița (63%), Iași (63.2%), Tulcea (65.2%). 42 counties with data.

Where money is lost

Companies with a net loss · % of those reporting a result

RO 31.6%

Nationally: 31.6% in 2025. Highest values: Prahova (45.1%), Argeș (38.9%), Constanța (37.6%), București (37.6%), Tulcea (37.5%). Lowest: Botoșani (17.4%), Neamț (20.6%), Covasna (20.8%), Bacău (20.8%), Satu Mare (21.2%). 42 counties with data.

Companies with negative equity

Companies with negative equity · % of those reporting equity

RO 27.8%

Nationally: 27.8% in 2025. Highest values: București (40.4%), Mehedinți (39.3%), Caraș-Severin (38.5%), Cluj (37.4%), Argeș (34.7%). Lowest: Covasna (8.3%), Botoșani (13%), Giurgiu (14.3%), Neamț (16.2%), Tulcea (16.7%). 42 counties with data.

How much the top 10 hold

Share of the top 10 companies in turnover · %

RO 75%

Nationally: 75% in 2025. Highest values: Bacău (99.7%), Botoșani (97%), Covasna (96.5%), Vaslui (95.9%), Giurgiu (95%). Lowest: Satu Mare (50.1%), Mureș (55.3%), Cluj (57%), Arad (57.6%), Ilfov (58.6%). 42 counties with data.

What the middle company earns

Median turnover · RON

RO 475.23K RON

Nationally: 475.23K RON in 2025. Highest values: Satu Mare (1.28M RON), Brașov (1.07M RON), Buzău (988.58K RON), Bihor (965.79K RON), Bistrița-Năsăud (838.32K RON). Lowest: Vaslui (213.92K RON), Brăila (217.47K RON), Vrancea (258.94K RON), Mehedinți (260.3K RON), Argeș (281.93K RON). 42 counties with data.

Turnover per employee

Turnover per employee · RON

RO 889.76K RON

Nationally: 889.76K RON in 2025. Highest values: Bacău (1.03M RON), Ilfov (1.02M RON), București (989.82K RON), Suceava (970.59K RON), Bistrița-Năsăud (921.45K RON). Lowest: Giurgiu (364.52K RON), Tulcea (431.98K RON), Olt (439.96K RON), Brăila (444.17K RON), Galați (446.84K RON). 42 counties with data.

/06Data

The data behind the map

The same aggregates as on the map, also available as tables, with a stable citation for every version.

Analysis: DemoANAF.ro · Romania · CAEN 4752.

In Romania, the 2025 report covers 2,877 companies with available indicators (CAEN 4752). This is the observed sample, not the number of all registered companies.

The median net margin is 3.5% in 2025, computed for 2,440 companies with positive sales and a known net result, including loss-making companies. 437 companies do not meet these conditions.

315 companies have strictly positive margins of at most 2% (12.9% of eligible companies). 690 eligible companies have negative margins.

1,756 of 2,877 companies with a known net result are profitable: 61%. The cumulative net result, after subtracting losses, is 2.04B RON.

The cumulative turnover of the 2,373 comparable companies changed by +7.2% between 2024 and 2025, in nominal RON.

Counties · 43

Counties · 2025 balance sheets · values in RON · unknown values are marked "—".
Territory / activity	Companies	Sales	Net profit	Employees	Equity	Median margin
Alba	48	90.77M RON	2.47M RON	146	22.54M RON	3.3%
Arad	84	149.74M RON	6.65M RON	233	25.98M RON	2.8%
Argeș	72	113.69M RON	5.37M RON	218	26.24M RON	2.9%
Bacău	72	13.33B RON	1.64B RON	12,985	5.16B RON	4.2%
Bihor	127	363.55M RON	15.17M RON	527	81.72M RON	2.4%
Bistrița-Năsăud	60	175.66M RON	8.64M RON	189	42.65M RON	2.2%
Botoșani	23	99.43M RON	6.04M RON	131	28.87M RON	6.5%
Brăila	72	49.1M RON	4.64M RON	109	23.15M RON	7.8%
Brașov	58	173.07M RON	5.55M RON	283	71.57M RON	3.8%
București	287	4.12B RON	90.13M RON	4,153	973.49M RON	3.6%
Buzău	48	213.43M RON	11.12M RON	319	45.7M RON	5.1%
Călărași	37	35.4M RON	2.55M RON	67	16.35M RON	4.8%
Caraș-Severin	39	108.86M RON	4.13M RON	201	31.3M RON	4.4%
Cluj	123	299.7M RON	9.67M RON	548	69.64M RON	1.9%
Constanța	93	265.14M RON	11.05M RON	512	89.69M RON	2.3%
Covasna	24	104.6M RON	6.69M RON	119	25.84M RON	5.3%
Dâmbovița	33	65.6M RON	4.91M RON	79	27.55M RON	4.2%
Dolj	70	203.69M RON	10.76M RON	276	60.62M RON	5.1%
Galați	74	82.89M RON	4.01M RON	181	31.74M RON	2.2%
Giurgiu	21	34.47M RON	1.5M RON	95	16.17M RON	3.7%
Gorj	52	193.01M RON	1.29M RON	312	39.5M RON	3.5%
Harghita	60	122.45M RON	4.17M RON	263	46.7M RON	2.3%
Hunedoara	53	111.09M RON	-482.71K RON	231	24.88M RON	1.8%
Ialomița	35	45.68M RON	2.84M RON	68	7.55M RON	4.3%
Iași	65	147.02M RON	13.26M RON	188	56.95M RON	5.7%
Ilfov	121	282.81M RON	18.49M RON	272	51.98M RON	4.5%
Județ necunoscut	1	8.62M RON	293.34K RON	10	1.79M RON	3.4%
Maramureș	84	237.41M RON	8.04M RON	310	61.97M RON	2.5%
Mehedinți	28	34.31M RON	894.51K RON	66	5.84M RON	3.1%
Mureș	81	176.6M RON	10.97M RON	284	53.9M RON	4.5%
Neamț	68	252.98M RON	14.55M RON	274	84.66M RON	4%
Olt	77	122.95M RON	5.52M RON	275	53.34M RON	2.9%
Prahova	91	159.09M RON	6.23M RON	290	47.11M RON	0.9%
Sălaj	32	41.92M RON	2.21M RON	72	12.32M RON	5.5%
Satu Mare	66	170.19M RON	12.17M RON	262	64.44M RON	4.5%
Sibiu	62	353.91M RON	12.27M RON	472	64.55M RON	3.2%
Suceava	115	798.95M RON	43.7M RON	815	246.91M RON	6%
Teleorman	41	53.61M RON	3.74M RON	115	24.05M RON	0.7%
Timiș	129	438.41M RON	11.5M RON	573	102.41M RON	3.2%
Tulcea	24	31.4M RON	905.77K RON	72	12.66M RON	4.9%

CAEN sectors · Romania · 40

CAEN sectors · Romania · 2025 balance sheets · values in RON · unknown values are marked "—".
Territory / activity	Companies	Sales	Net profit	Employees	Equity	Median margin
Comerț alimentar nespecializat · CAEN 4711	42,364	162.02B RON	3.34B RON	172,302	28.8B RON	2.1%
Transport rutier de mărfuri · CAEN 4941	45,400	80.97B RON	3.57B RON	156,948	14.34B RON	3.7%
Comerț cu carburanți · CAEN 4730	1,200	79.6B RON	1.35B RON	13,259	7.71B RON	2.6%
Distribuție farmaceutică și medicală · CAEN 4646	1,784	73.26B RON	4.35B RON	21,038	13.26B RON	7.2%
Construcții de clădiri · CAEN 4100	13,519	53.58B RON	5B RON	85,456	15.49B RON	13.1%
Construcții de clădiri · CAEN 4120	36,915	51.98B RON	5.81B RON	111,801	16.8B RON	8.8%
Fabricarea autovehiculelor · CAEN 2910	36	51.92B RON	1.08B RON	17,370	7.1B RON	1.3%
Comerț cu ridicata nespecializat de produse alimentare, băuturi și tutun · CAEN 4639	2,039	48.57B RON	848.53M RON	29,678	7.24B RON	2.6%
Comerț cu amănuntul al produselor farmaceutice · CAEN 4773	3,370	45.93B RON	1.13B RON	39,614	4.58B RON	2.9%
Comerț cu ridicata al cerealelor, semințelor, furajelor și tutunului neprelucrat · CAEN 4621	1,986	45.4B RON	86.29M RON	7,790	4.34B RON	1.5%
Comerț cu ridicata nespecializat · CAEN 4690	7,873	44.9B RON	2.79B RON	37,854	13.16B RON	5.2%
Fabricarea altor piese și accesorii pentru autovehicule și pentru motoare de autovehicule · CAEN 2932	324	44.35B RON	263.32M RON	58,272	12.31B RON	2.4%
Lucrări de construcții a drumurilor și autostrăzilor · CAEN 4211	2,636	43.36B RON	3.2B RON	49,676	9.92B RON	9.1%
Activități de realizare a soft-ului la comandă (software orientat client) · CAEN 6210	10,284	36.08B RON	3.9B RON	80,457	12.58B RON	61.3%
Fabricarea de echipamente electrice și electronice pentru autovehicule și pentru motoare de autovehicule · CAEN 2931	74	35.16B RON	-57.49M RON	48,933	8.6B RON	1.8%
Comercializarea energiei electrice · CAEN 3515	113	34.59B RON	562.92M RON	2,174	3.19B RON	3.4%
Cultivarea cerealelor (excluzând orezul), plantelor leguminoase și a plantelor oleaginoase · CAEN 0111	10,702	31.27B RON	1.85B RON	39,997	26.98B RON	7%
Extracția petrolului brut · CAEN 0610	18	31.03B RON	3.56B RON	7,053	31.22B RON	10%
Comerț cu amănuntul al produselor alimentare, băuturilor și produselor din tutun efectuat prin standuri, chioșcuri și piețe (Rev.2) / Comerț cu amănuntul al autovehiculelor (Rev.3) · CAEN 4781	3,152	30.03B RON	477.61M RON	11,998	3.34B RON	1.2%
Comercializarea combustibililor gazoși, prin conducte · CAEN 3523	50	27.86B RON	1.61B RON	1,835	12.33B RON	1.5%
Producția de energie electrică · CAEN 3511	2,938	24.97B RON	3.58B RON	20,203	59.91B RON	17.7%
Lucrări de instalații electrice · CAEN 4321	9,856	24.25B RON	2.94B RON	45,824	7.43B RON	12.8%
Comerț cu amănuntul al articolelor de fierărie, al articolelor din sticlă și a celor pentru vopsit, în magazine specializate (Rev.2) / Comerț cu amănuntul al articolelor de fierărie, al materialelor de construcții, al articolelor din sticlă și a celor pentru vopsit (Rev.3) · CAEN 4752	2,877	24.12B RON	2.04B RON	26,996	8.01B RON	3.5%
Comerț cu ridicata al combustibililor solizi, lichizi și gazoși al produselor derivate (Rev.2) / Comerț cu ridicata al autovehiculelor (Rev.3) · CAEN 4671	1,034	23.6B RON	814.51M RON	4,734	2.37B RON	2.4%
Activități de inginerie și consultanță tehnică legate de acestea · CAEN 7112	19,299	23.41B RON	3.87B RON	51,764	10.13B RON	27.6%
Închirierea și subînchirierea bunurilor imobiliare proprii sau în leasing (Rev.2) / Închirierea și subînchirierea bunurilor imobiliare proprii sau închiriate (Rev.3) · CAEN 6820	17,193	22.6B RON	3.98B RON	24,837	85.88B RON	21.7%
Comerț cu ridicata al materialului lemnos și a materialelor de construcție și echipamentelor sanitare · CAEN 4683	2,329	21.92B RON	878.89M RON	18,658	6.93B RON	3.6%
Comerț cu ridicata al echipamentului informatic și de telecomunicații · CAEN 4650	670	20.98B RON	822.05M RON	5,855	3.64B RON	7.6%
Comerț cu ridicata al combustibililor solizi, lichizi și gazoși și al produselor derivate · CAEN 4681	432	19.67B RON	480.76M RON	3,718	2.38B RON	2.6%
Comerț cu amănuntul al articolelor și aparatelor electrocasnice · CAEN 4754	610	19.66B RON	-46.29M RON	12,863	3.88B RON	2.9%
Comerț cu ridicata al metalelor și minereurilor metalice (Rev.2) / Comerț cu ridicata al pieselor și accesoriilor pentru autovehicule (Rev.3) · CAEN 4672	1,108	19.01B RON	617.31M RON	13,824	9.13B RON	3.1%
Fabricarea produselor obținute din prelucrarea țițeiului · CAEN 1920	42	18.88B RON	257M RON	2,204	258.35M RON	2.5%
Comerț cu ridicata al produselor din tutun · CAEN 4635	82	18.61B RON	2.41B RON	3,190	3.59B RON	2.9%
Comerț cu amănuntul al îmbrăcămintei, în magazine specializate (Rev.2) / Comerț cu amănuntul al îmbrăcămintei (Rev.3) · CAEN 4771	7,190	18.61B RON	1.24B RON	26,996	2.98B RON	1.8%
Activități de jocuri de noroc și pariuri · CAEN 9200	408	17.67B RON	1.19B RON	19,573	3.37B RON	3.4%
Activități de asistență medicală specializată · CAEN 8622	13,341	17.46B RON	2.59B RON	45,382	6.34B RON	38.1%
Lucrări de instalații sanitare, de încălzire și de aer condiționat · CAEN 4322	10,794	16.36B RON	1.73B RON	40,461	4.47B RON	9.8%
Restaurante · CAEN 5611	6,108	15.99B RON	893.06M RON	57,209	2.82B RON	1.8%
Fabricarea lagărelor, angrenajelor, cutiilor de viteză și a elementelor mecanice de transmisie · CAEN 2815	55	15.96B RON	419.88M RON	10,770	4.12B RON	2.3%
Comerț cu ridicata al produselor cosmetice și de parfumerie · CAEN 4645	1,096	15.94B RON	521.37M RON	8,203	1.73B RON	2.6%

SICAP tenders · values by territory

National series independent of CAEN: initiation notices published in 2025, by the authority's current office. Values are estimates, not payments.

Notices and estimated values, 2025
Territory / activity	Notices	Value (RON)
Brașov	834	5.85B RON
Ialomița	180	1.07B RON
Iași	1,086	14.34B RON
Tulcea	177	1.17B RON
Mehedinți	187	918.76M RON
Vâlcea	384	2.27B RON
Mureș	740	8.41B RON
București	6,659	146.69B RON
Bacău	429	2.57B RON
Maramureș	371	2.83B RON
Botoșani	321	1.32B RON
Brăila	358	1.49B RON
Galați	577	5.68B RON
Dâmbovița	367	3.11B RON
Caraș-Severin	241	1.42B RON
Hunedoara	482	2.3B RON
Prahova	552	4.43B RON
Călărași	174	765.83M RON
Ilfov	553	6.78B RON
Constanța	757	7.24B RON
Bihor	658	4.49B RON
Sibiu	908	5.72B RON
Timiș	915	8.62B RON
Olt	304	1.2B RON
Cluj	1,484	15.53B RON
Vaslui	366	1.65B RON
Giurgiu	171	1.94B RON
Neamț	346	1.76B RON
Gorj	601	3.25B RON
Sălaj	265	1.1B RON
Alba	359	1.58B RON
Suceava	567	3.91B RON
Argeș	532	2.2B RON
Dolj	661	13.33B RON
Bistrița-Năsăud	272	1.71B RON
Teleorman	229	1.58B RON
Arad	386	3.25B RON
Buzău	278	1.02B RON
Vrancea	277	3.31B RON
Covasna	255	1.01B RON
Harghita	333	2.68B RON
Satu Mare	291	2.55B RON
Județ necunoscut	22	21.89M RON

Cite the report

Computed on 9/18/2026, 2:44:30 PM · version 20260918114430147. Annual data may be revised when new balance sheets arrive.

DemoANAF.ro. Romania business report 2025 — Romania, CAEN 4752. Version 20260918114430147, computed on 2026-09-18T11:44:30.147Z. https://demoanaf.ro/en/raport-afaceri-romania-2025?caen=4752#date-raport Data: https://demoanaf.ro/rapoarte/afaceri-romania-2025/date.csv?rev=20260918114430147

CSV · this version CSV field definitions Methodology and sources

/07Registrations

In which months do new companies appear?

SRL, SRL-D and SA registrations observed in Romania. National series, independent of the financial filters.

Most new companies appeared in July: 10,734 observed registrations.

Pace of registrations

Earliest available registration for each CUI · coverage not confirmed

Solid line: 2025

See the monthly data

Month	2025
Jan	6,313
Feb	8,206
Mar	8,589
Apr	7,449
May	8,145
Jun	7,682
Jul	10,734
Aug	7,697
Sep	9,208
Oct	9,472
Nov	9,682
Dec	7,334

Coverage not confirmed: differences between series may reflect missing data. Months without observations do not mean zero.

/08Procurement

Companies and public procurement

Pace of distinct contracts recorded in SEAP. National series, by contract date.

The month with the most SEAP contracts was April: 12,765 distinct contracts.

Contracts recorded in SEAP

A contract's lots and suppliers are not counted as separate contracts

Solid line: 2025

See the monthly data

Month	2025
Jan	10,684
Feb	9,665
Mar	11,690
Apr	12,765
May	11,213
Jun	9,725
Jul	9,714
Aug	9,094
Sep	9,436
Oct	12,761
Nov	12,032
Dec	9,769

Period coverage is not confirmed. We count contracts, not payments; awarded values are not actual spending.

/09Methodology

What we measure and what stays unknown

Every percentage must have a clear population, a period and a source.

Balance sheets and coverage

We analyse companies with financial indicators available for 2025. This is not a census of all companies and does not implicitly cover only SRL/SA. The coverage of each indicator is shown separately.

Year-on-year comparisons

Annual balance sheets do not measure H1 2026 results. Companies are linked by CUI. We compare only values available in both years. Geographic and CAEN groups are those of the 2025 cohort; we do not measure relocations or sector changes.

CAEN classification

We use the main code from the balance sheet, normalised to four digits. Authorised activities are not summed. Short titles describe the activities; the exact Rev.2 and Rev.3 definitions sit next to each code. Where they differ, both are shown, without assuming the company's revision or historical equivalence.

Missing values and rates

A missing value stays unknown. Margins require positive turnover and a known net result, including losses. The median treats every company equally. The aggregate margin uses the sums of profit and sales for exactly the same eligible companies. The bands are: below 0%, exactly 0%, above 0% up to and including 2%, above 2% up to and including 5%, above 5% up to and including 10%, and above 10%. They are not solvency thresholds. Growth rates are undefined when the baseline is zero or negative.

The map: capital, employees and tenders

Capital means equity (I10), including negative values, not turnover or share capital. Employees are the reported annual averages, attributed to the current office; the per-company average uses only companies with this indicator known. Tenders are initiation notices published in 2025, located by the authority's current office. Values are estimates, not payments. Colours use fixed numeric references, not ranks or quartiles. Margins have references at −10%, 0%, 2%, 5%, 10% and 20%; extreme values keep the exact number but saturate the colour. Totals use a logarithmic magnitude scale with references in the indicator's units. Each territory has a single observed value; we do not interpolate between localities. The same value keeps the same colour when the county, local unit or CAEN changes. Hatched areas have no values available. Local-unit boundaries come from ANCPI, processed by geo-spatial.org (2025). Localities are linked to local units through the INS SIRUTA 2025 nomenclature. Ambiguous addresses stay in the county total; local units use references adapted to local magnitude, constant across counties and years.

Currencies and exchange rates

All amounts are reported in RON. Conversion to EUR uses the annual average rate published by BNR for the report year; for USD, and for years without a published average, we use the arithmetic mean of the European Central Bank's daily reference rates. Today's rate is never used. It is an indicative conversion for comparison, not an accounting revaluation.

Updates

The report is recomputed periodically from the available data. The generation date does not prove the source is complete. Changes to balance sheets may revise this edition's results.

Sources: ANAF — balance sheets; ONRC — company register; SEAP / data.gov.ro — contracts. See the data sources. Download the SVG map · ANCPI boundaries · geo-spatial.org · INS · SIRUTA 2025