Romania, county by county. 2025

Name: Raport afaceri România 2025 — marje de profit, sectoare CAEN și județe — date agregate
Creator: DemoANAF.ro

Capital, people and business. Discover the differences on the map.

CSV data

42 TERRITORIES · BALANCE SHEETS AND TENDERS 2025

Where capital gathers

Pick a county

Main activity · CAEN 46212025

Equity · RON

Blue: low valuesYellow: high values

-773.4K

93.3M

407.8M

944.4M

1.7B

42 of 42 territories with values · Relative scale across counties in this selection · square-root spacing, anchored at zero. Colours are recalculated when the selection changes.▧ No data

Select a county

Romania · Comerț cu ridicata al cerealelor, semințelor, furajelor și tutunului neprelucrat · CAEN 4621 · balance sheets available for 2025

Sales

+12.3%

Higher sales, at the same companies.

1,560 comparable companies · 2025 / 2024

Profitability

1.5%

Net margin of the typical company.

1,526 eligible companies · 59.2% of companies with a known result are profitable

Concentration

43.1%

Of sales, in the hands of the top ten companies.

Share of the selection's turnover · 2025

Size of the selection

Updated 9/18/2026, 2:44:30 PM · balance sheets 2025 / 2024

Companies analysed: 1,986; With at least one financial indicator available
Cumulative turnover: 45.4B RON; 1,843 companies with a known value
Cumulative net result: 86.29M RON; 1,983 companies · profit minus losses
Employees reported: 7,790; 1,599 companies · annual averages summed

/01Geography

Where business concentrates

Turnover and jobs, by the companies' current registered office. Pick a county from the list to continue the analysis.

București holds 34.8% of observed sales in the selected sector, with 160 companies.

Counties by turnover

Top 8 · 2025 balance sheets · share of the located-county total

15.79B RON34.8%
7.08B RON15.6%
3.06B RON6.7%
2.32B RON5.1%
1.84B RON4%
1.43B RON3.1%
1.4B RON3.1%
1.18B RON2.6%

Where the employees are

Top 8 by reported average headcount · share of the located-county total

1,53819.7%
80410.3%
5216.7%
4025.2%
3995.1%
3935%
3754.8%
3043.9%

/02CAEN sectors

Which sectors drive the economy?

Compare the main activities in Romania. Open a sector for details.

In Fabricarea autovehiculelor, ten companies make 100% of sales. In Transport rutier de mărfuri, only 4.5%.

How much of a sector fits in ten companies?

Concentration extremes among the top 8 sectors by turnover · share of observed sales, not market share

Fabricarea autovehiculelor100%
Transport rutier de mărfuri4.5%

Search a sector

Compare by

40 sectors · descending orderTurnover · 2025

42,364 companies

162.02B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+7.3%

33,695 comparable

Top 10 companies

68.3%

Top 10 companies

68.3%

45,400 companies

80.97B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+6.8%

34,735 comparable

Top 10 companies

4.5%

Top 10 companies

4.5%

1,200 companies

79.6B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+2.4%

1,003 comparable

Top 10 companies

85.3%

Top 10 companies

85.3%

1,784 companies

73.26B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+11%

1,422 comparable

Top 10 companies

46%

Top 10 companies

46%

13,519 companies

53.58B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+9.9%

8,078 comparable

Top 10 companies

18.2%

Top 10 companies

18.2%

36,915 companies

51.98B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+9.1%

27,141 comparable

Top 10 companies

20.8%

Top 10 companies

20.8%

36 companies

51.92B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+9.9%

29 comparable

Top 10 companies

100%

Top 10 companies

100%

2,039 companies

48.57B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+4.4%

1,628 comparable

Top 10 companies

48.5%

Top 10 companies

48.5%

3,370 companies

45.93B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+14.3%

2,983 comparable

Top 10 companies

56.5%

Top 10 companies

56.5%

1,986 companies

45.4B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+12.3%

1,560 comparable

Top 10 companies

43.1%

Top 10 companies

43.1%

One company, one main code. Growth uses the same companies in both years; missing values remain "—". CAEN definitions sit next to each name.

/03Performance

What the typical company looks like

Beyond the giants: sales and margin of the company in the middle of the distribution.

The typical company sells 806.4K RON a year and keeps 1.5% of sales as net profit.

Median turnover: 806.4K RON; 1,843 values available
Median net margin: 1.5%; 1,526 eligible companies
Aggregate net margin: 0.2%; Cumulative profit / cumulative sales, same companies
Profitable companies: 59.2%; 1,174 of 1,983 with a known result
National median · CAEN 4621: 1.5%; Same activity, all of Romania

Distribution of net margins

Companies by margin band · net profit / positive turnover

Loss37224.4%
Zero result00%
Above 0–2%46530.5%
Above 2–5%26217.2%
Above 5–10%19012.5%
Above 10%23715.5%

1,526 companies with a known profit and positive sales; 460 excluded. Bands describe margins, not bankruptcy risk.

/04Change

Who grew. Who shrank.

Same companies, two years. Compare the change in sales with the change in jobs.

55.5% of the 1,560 comparable companies sold more in 2025 than in 2024.

Cumulative turnover: +12.3%; 1,560 companies with turnover in both years
Median turnover change: +10.6%; Only companies with a positive 2024 baseline
Number of employees: -3.5%; 1,250 companies with employees reported in both years

More sales or fewer?

Number of companies with comparable data, split by direction of change

Growth86655.5%
Decline57737%
No change1177.5%

Nominal changes in RON, not adjusted for inflation. Companies without data in one of the years are not compared.

/05Dynamics

Company dynamics, county by county

Growth, survival, concentration, the trade register and state dependence in 2025: the national figure and the counties at both ends, for every map layer.

How much business grew on last year

Turnover change at the same companies · % vs 2025−1

RO +12.3%

Nationally: +12.3% in 2025. Highest values: Cluj (+358.7%), Vrancea (+108.5%), Alba (+92.3%), Gorj (+86.1%), Botoșani (+75.7%). Lowest: Suceava (-40%), Hunedoara (-38.2%), Ilfov (-25.4%), Mehedinți (-24%), Sălaj (-22.8%). 42 counties with data.

The five-year growth pace

Average annual turnover growth at the same companies · % per year, 5 years

RO +8.1%

Nationally: +8.1% in 2025. Highest values: Cluj (+47.5%), Vaslui (+35.9%), Neamț (+33.4%), Galați (+31.9%), Gorj (+30.4%). Lowest: Hunedoara (-30.3%), Bacău (-4.1%), Prahova (-0.8%), Sălaj (-0.5%), Bistrița-Năsăud (+0.6%). 40 counties with data.

How many companies still file after five years

Companies that filed five years ago and still file in 2025 · %

RO 69.2%

Nationally: 69.2% in 2025. Highest values: Caraș-Severin (100%), Sălaj (88.9%), Călărași (84.6%), Ilfov (82.5%), Prahova (82.1%). Lowest: Botoșani (42.1%), Vrancea (57.1%), Gorj (57.1%), Iași (58.2%), Brașov (58.3%). 42 counties with data.

Where money is lost

Companies with a net loss · % of those reporting a result

RO 32.3%

Nationally: 32.3% in 2025. Highest values: Bistrița-Năsăud (53.8%), Sălaj (46.7%), Caraș-Severin (44.4%), București (43.4%), Cluj (42.3%). Lowest: Neamț (12.5%), Dâmbovița (12.5%), Vrancea (17.6%), Tulcea (19.6%), Galați (21.6%). 42 counties with data.

Companies with negative equity

Companies with negative equity · % of those reporting equity

RO 29%

Nationally: 29% in 2025. Highest values: Caraș-Severin (55.6%), Sălaj (53.3%), Gorj (39.5%), București (39.4%), Bistrița-Năsăud (38.5%). Lowest: Vaslui (12.5%), Tulcea (14.3%), Vrancea (17.6%), Galați (17.6%), Mureș (18%). 42 counties with data.

How much the top 10 hold

Share of the top 10 companies in turnover · %

RO 43.1%

Nationally: 43.1% in 2025. Highest values: Alba (99.8%), Sibiu (99.4%), Giurgiu (98.8%), Cluj (98.3%), Maramureș (98.2%). Lowest: Constanța (74%), Dolj (75.4%), Arad (76.1%), Iași (76.3%), Timiș (78%). 33 counties with data.

What the middle company earns

Median turnover · RON

RO 806.4K RON

Nationally: 806.4K RON in 2025. Highest values: Botoșani (4.81M RON), Tulcea (4.16M RON), Brăila (3.42M RON), Constanța (3.08M RON), Călărași (2.79M RON). Lowest: Sălaj (5.21K RON), Caraș-Severin (146.81K RON), Bacău (147.12K RON), Bistrița-Năsăud (147.79K RON), Cluj (152.58K RON). 42 counties with data.

Turnover per employee

Turnover per employee · RON

RO 5.57M RON

Nationally: 5.57M RON in 2025. Highest values: București (10.09M RON), Giurgiu (9.63M RON), Constanța (8.23M RON), Brăila (7.73M RON), Tulcea (7.39M RON). Lowest: Mehedinți (492.79K RON), Harghita (611.56K RON), Caraș-Severin (653.07K RON), Bacău (654.51K RON), Mureș (802.34K RON). 42 counties with data.

/06Data

The data behind the map

The same aggregates as on the map, also available as tables, with a stable citation for every version.

Analysis: DemoANAF.ro · Romania · CAEN 4621.

In Romania, the 2025 report covers 1,986 companies with available indicators (CAEN 4621). This is the observed sample, not the number of all registered companies.

The median net margin is 1.5% in 2025, computed for 1,526 companies with positive sales and a known net result, including loss-making companies. 460 companies do not meet these conditions.

465 companies have strictly positive margins of at most 2% (30.5% of eligible companies). 372 eligible companies have negative margins.

1,174 of 1,983 companies with a known net result are profitable: 59.2%. The cumulative net result, after subtracting losses, is 86.29M RON.

The cumulative turnover of the 1,560 comparable companies changed by +12.3% between 2024 and 2025, in nominal RON.

Counties · 43

Counties · 2025 balance sheets · values in RON · unknown values are marked "—".
Territory / activity	Companies	Sales	Net profit	Employees	Equity	Median margin
Alba	24	428.8M RON	8.68M RON	77	40.53M RON	2.5%
Arad	75	1.17B RON	-1.74M RON	264	94.04M RON	0.7%
Argeș	62	497.04M RON	12.82M RON	149	49.14M RON	2.1%
Bacău	31	51.52M RON	1.08M RON	25	8.25M RON	1.6%
Bihor	94	1.18B RON	4.46M RON	304	137.11M RON	1.4%
Bistrița-Năsăud	13	23.91M RON	303.85K RON	14	785.07K RON	-0.7%
Botoșani	27	421.14M RON	11.39M RON	121	33.91M RON	2.1%
Brăila	57	1.4B RON	22.54M RON	173	93.05M RON	1%
Brașov	20	69.65M RON	5.1M RON	25	15.18M RON	2.3%
București	160	15.79B RON	-119.78M RON	1,538	1.7B RON	2.6%
Buzău	59	1.43B RON	-42.63M RON	393	62.37M RON	1.6%
Călărași	56	1.04B RON	29M RON	232	90.74M RON	1.5%
Caraș-Severin	9	15.05M RON	1.02M RON	23	4.24M RON	4.1%
Cluj	52	863.2M RON	24.16M RON	189	159.51M RON	1.5%
Constanța	160	7.08B RON	-30.98M RON	804	169.54M RON	0.6%
Covasna	14	158.64M RON	4.44M RON	34	8.53M RON	3.3%
Dâmbovița	32	212.29M RON	4.48M RON	86	26.55M RON	3.6%
Dolj	84	793.7M RON	19M RON	247	97.04M RON	1.2%
Galați	51	670.16M RON	10.75M RON	92	70.82M RON	2.7%
Giurgiu	28	339.79M RON	5.1M RON	35	9.55M RON	1.1%
Gorj	38	160.28M RON	3.67M RON	130	11.51M RON	1.5%
Harghita	20	30.23M RON	1.04M RON	47	6.3M RON	1.8%
Hunedoara	18	25.18M RON	889.53K RON	8	1.17M RON	1.2%
Ialomița	60	691.56M RON	10.58M RON	186	44.99M RON	0.9%
Iași	74	462.61M RON	-6.04M RON	90	14.46M RON	2.6%
Ilfov	69	976.18M RON	31.52M RON	136	55.27M RON	2.3%
Județ necunoscut	1	4.15K RON	2.08K RON	—	11.46K RON	50.1%
Maramureș	28	177.11M RON	6.87M RON	106	30.62M RON	2.3%
Mehedinți	12	8.16M RON	278.96K RON	17	5.55M RON	7.9%
Mureș	50	96.62M RON	2.9M RON	99	12.07M RON	2.5%
Neamț	16	83.68M RON	8.19M RON	25	9.63M RON	3.4%
Olt	31	181.6M RON	1.23M RON	84	45.47M RON	1.9%
Prahova	46	553.04M RON	-62.71M RON	521	89.62M RON	3.4%
Sălaj	15	12.05M RON	-93.81K RON	9	-773.4K RON	0.3%
Satu Mare	52	1.84B RON	19.34M RON	402	467.43M RON	1.4%
Sibiu	22	127.71M RON	3.68M RON	40	22.38M RON	3.6%
Suceava	38	389.71M RON	9.23M RON	124	31.38M RON	2.3%
Teleorman	49	343.65M RON	948.09K RON	60	661.51K RON	0.7%
Timiș	107	2.32B RON	15.7M RON	375	253.23M RON	0.9%
Tulcea	56	3.06B RON	63.74M RON	399	348.22M RON	0.8%

CAEN sectors · Romania · 40

CAEN sectors · Romania · 2025 balance sheets · values in RON · unknown values are marked "—".
Territory / activity	Companies	Sales	Net profit	Employees	Equity	Median margin
Comerț alimentar nespecializat · CAEN 4711	42,364	162.02B RON	3.34B RON	172,302	28.8B RON	2.1%
Transport rutier de mărfuri · CAEN 4941	45,400	80.97B RON	3.57B RON	156,948	14.34B RON	3.7%
Comerț cu carburanți · CAEN 4730	1,200	79.6B RON	1.35B RON	13,259	7.71B RON	2.6%
Distribuție farmaceutică și medicală · CAEN 4646	1,784	73.26B RON	4.35B RON	21,038	13.26B RON	7.2%
Construcții de clădiri · CAEN 4100	13,519	53.58B RON	5B RON	85,456	15.49B RON	13.1%
Construcții de clădiri · CAEN 4120	36,915	51.98B RON	5.81B RON	111,801	16.8B RON	8.8%
Fabricarea autovehiculelor · CAEN 2910	36	51.92B RON	1.08B RON	17,370	7.1B RON	1.3%
Comerț cu ridicata nespecializat de produse alimentare, băuturi și tutun · CAEN 4639	2,039	48.57B RON	848.53M RON	29,678	7.24B RON	2.6%
Comerț cu amănuntul al produselor farmaceutice · CAEN 4773	3,370	45.93B RON	1.13B RON	39,614	4.58B RON	2.9%
Comerț cu ridicata al cerealelor, semințelor, furajelor și tutunului neprelucrat · CAEN 4621	1,986	45.4B RON	86.29M RON	7,790	4.34B RON	1.5%
Comerț cu ridicata nespecializat · CAEN 4690	7,873	44.9B RON	2.79B RON	37,854	13.16B RON	5.2%
Fabricarea altor piese și accesorii pentru autovehicule și pentru motoare de autovehicule · CAEN 2932	324	44.35B RON	263.32M RON	58,272	12.31B RON	2.4%
Lucrări de construcții a drumurilor și autostrăzilor · CAEN 4211	2,636	43.36B RON	3.2B RON	49,676	9.92B RON	9.1%
Activități de realizare a soft-ului la comandă (software orientat client) · CAEN 6210	10,284	36.08B RON	3.9B RON	80,457	12.58B RON	61.3%
Fabricarea de echipamente electrice și electronice pentru autovehicule și pentru motoare de autovehicule · CAEN 2931	74	35.16B RON	-57.49M RON	48,933	8.6B RON	1.8%
Comercializarea energiei electrice · CAEN 3515	113	34.59B RON	562.92M RON	2,174	3.19B RON	3.4%
Cultivarea cerealelor (excluzând orezul), plantelor leguminoase și a plantelor oleaginoase · CAEN 0111	10,702	31.27B RON	1.85B RON	39,997	26.98B RON	7%
Extracția petrolului brut · CAEN 0610	18	31.03B RON	3.56B RON	7,053	31.22B RON	10%
Comerț cu amănuntul al produselor alimentare, băuturilor și produselor din tutun efectuat prin standuri, chioșcuri și piețe (Rev.2) / Comerț cu amănuntul al autovehiculelor (Rev.3) · CAEN 4781	3,152	30.03B RON	477.61M RON	11,998	3.34B RON	1.2%
Comercializarea combustibililor gazoși, prin conducte · CAEN 3523	50	27.86B RON	1.61B RON	1,835	12.33B RON	1.5%
Producția de energie electrică · CAEN 3511	2,938	24.97B RON	3.58B RON	20,203	59.91B RON	17.7%
Lucrări de instalații electrice · CAEN 4321	9,856	24.25B RON	2.94B RON	45,824	7.43B RON	12.8%
Comerț cu amănuntul al articolelor de fierărie, al articolelor din sticlă și a celor pentru vopsit, în magazine specializate (Rev.2) / Comerț cu amănuntul al articolelor de fierărie, al materialelor de construcții, al articolelor din sticlă și a celor pentru vopsit (Rev.3) · CAEN 4752	2,877	24.12B RON	2.04B RON	26,996	8.01B RON	3.5%
Comerț cu ridicata al combustibililor solizi, lichizi și gazoși al produselor derivate (Rev.2) / Comerț cu ridicata al autovehiculelor (Rev.3) · CAEN 4671	1,034	23.6B RON	814.51M RON	4,734	2.37B RON	2.4%
Activități de inginerie și consultanță tehnică legate de acestea · CAEN 7112	19,299	23.41B RON	3.87B RON	51,764	10.13B RON	27.6%
Închirierea și subînchirierea bunurilor imobiliare proprii sau în leasing (Rev.2) / Închirierea și subînchirierea bunurilor imobiliare proprii sau închiriate (Rev.3) · CAEN 6820	17,193	22.6B RON	3.98B RON	24,837	85.88B RON	21.7%
Comerț cu ridicata al materialului lemnos și a materialelor de construcție și echipamentelor sanitare · CAEN 4683	2,329	21.92B RON	878.89M RON	18,658	6.93B RON	3.6%
Comerț cu ridicata al echipamentului informatic și de telecomunicații · CAEN 4650	670	20.98B RON	822.05M RON	5,855	3.64B RON	7.6%
Comerț cu ridicata al combustibililor solizi, lichizi și gazoși și al produselor derivate · CAEN 4681	432	19.67B RON	480.76M RON	3,718	2.38B RON	2.6%
Comerț cu amănuntul al articolelor și aparatelor electrocasnice · CAEN 4754	610	19.66B RON	-46.29M RON	12,863	3.88B RON	2.9%
Comerț cu ridicata al metalelor și minereurilor metalice (Rev.2) / Comerț cu ridicata al pieselor și accesoriilor pentru autovehicule (Rev.3) · CAEN 4672	1,108	19.01B RON	617.31M RON	13,824	9.13B RON	3.1%
Fabricarea produselor obținute din prelucrarea țițeiului · CAEN 1920	42	18.88B RON	257M RON	2,204	258.35M RON	2.5%
Comerț cu ridicata al produselor din tutun · CAEN 4635	82	18.61B RON	2.41B RON	3,190	3.59B RON	2.9%
Comerț cu amănuntul al îmbrăcămintei, în magazine specializate (Rev.2) / Comerț cu amănuntul al îmbrăcămintei (Rev.3) · CAEN 4771	7,190	18.61B RON	1.24B RON	26,996	2.98B RON	1.8%
Activități de jocuri de noroc și pariuri · CAEN 9200	408	17.67B RON	1.19B RON	19,573	3.37B RON	3.4%
Activități de asistență medicală specializată · CAEN 8622	13,341	17.46B RON	2.59B RON	45,382	6.34B RON	38.1%
Lucrări de instalații sanitare, de încălzire și de aer condiționat · CAEN 4322	10,794	16.36B RON	1.73B RON	40,461	4.47B RON	9.8%
Restaurante · CAEN 5611	6,108	15.99B RON	893.06M RON	57,209	2.82B RON	1.8%
Fabricarea lagărelor, angrenajelor, cutiilor de viteză și a elementelor mecanice de transmisie · CAEN 2815	55	15.96B RON	419.88M RON	10,770	4.12B RON	2.3%
Comerț cu ridicata al produselor cosmetice și de parfumerie · CAEN 4645	1,096	15.94B RON	521.37M RON	8,203	1.73B RON	2.6%

SICAP tenders · values by territory

National series independent of CAEN: initiation notices published in 2025, by the authority's current office. Values are estimates, not payments.

Notices and estimated values, 2025
Territory / activity	Notices	Value (RON)
Brașov	834	5.85B RON
Ialomița	180	1.07B RON
Iași	1,086	14.34B RON
Tulcea	177	1.17B RON
Mehedinți	187	918.76M RON
Vâlcea	384	2.27B RON
Mureș	740	8.41B RON
București	6,659	146.69B RON
Bacău	429	2.57B RON
Maramureș	371	2.83B RON
Botoșani	321	1.32B RON
Brăila	358	1.49B RON
Galați	577	5.68B RON
Dâmbovița	367	3.11B RON
Caraș-Severin	241	1.42B RON
Hunedoara	482	2.3B RON
Prahova	552	4.43B RON
Călărași	174	765.83M RON
Ilfov	553	6.78B RON
Constanța	757	7.24B RON
Bihor	658	4.49B RON
Sibiu	908	5.72B RON
Timiș	915	8.62B RON
Olt	304	1.2B RON
Cluj	1,484	15.53B RON
Vaslui	366	1.65B RON
Giurgiu	171	1.94B RON
Neamț	346	1.76B RON
Gorj	601	3.25B RON
Sălaj	265	1.1B RON
Alba	359	1.58B RON
Suceava	567	3.91B RON
Argeș	532	2.2B RON
Dolj	661	13.33B RON
Bistrița-Năsăud	272	1.71B RON
Teleorman	229	1.58B RON
Arad	386	3.25B RON
Buzău	278	1.02B RON
Vrancea	277	3.31B RON
Covasna	255	1.01B RON
Harghita	333	2.68B RON
Satu Mare	291	2.55B RON
Județ necunoscut	22	21.89M RON

Cite the report

Computed on 9/18/2026, 2:44:30 PM · version 20260918114430147. Annual data may be revised when new balance sheets arrive.

DemoANAF.ro. Romania business report 2025 — Romania, CAEN 4621. Version 20260918114430147, computed on 2026-09-18T11:44:30.147Z. https://demoanaf.ro/en/raport-afaceri-romania-2025?caen=4621#date-raport Data: https://demoanaf.ro/rapoarte/afaceri-romania-2025/date.csv?rev=20260918114430147

CSV · this version CSV field definitions Methodology and sources

/07Registrations

In which months do new companies appear?

SRL, SRL-D and SA registrations observed in Romania. National series, independent of the financial filters.

Most new companies appeared in July: 10,734 observed registrations.

Pace of registrations

Earliest available registration for each CUI · coverage not confirmed

Solid line: 2025

See the monthly data

Month	2025
Jan	6,313
Feb	8,206
Mar	8,589
Apr	7,449
May	8,145
Jun	7,682
Jul	10,734
Aug	7,697
Sep	9,208
Oct	9,472
Nov	9,682
Dec	7,334

Coverage not confirmed: differences between series may reflect missing data. Months without observations do not mean zero.

/08Procurement

Companies and public procurement

Pace of distinct contracts recorded in SEAP. National series, by contract date.

The month with the most SEAP contracts was April: 12,765 distinct contracts.

Contracts recorded in SEAP

A contract's lots and suppliers are not counted as separate contracts

Solid line: 2025

See the monthly data

Month	2025
Jan	10,684
Feb	9,665
Mar	11,690
Apr	12,765
May	11,213
Jun	9,725
Jul	9,714
Aug	9,094
Sep	9,436
Oct	12,761
Nov	12,032
Dec	9,769

Period coverage is not confirmed. We count contracts, not payments; awarded values are not actual spending.

/09Methodology

What we measure and what stays unknown

Every percentage must have a clear population, a period and a source.

Balance sheets and coverage

We analyse companies with financial indicators available for 2025. This is not a census of all companies and does not implicitly cover only SRL/SA. The coverage of each indicator is shown separately.

Year-on-year comparisons

Annual balance sheets do not measure H1 2026 results. Companies are linked by CUI. We compare only values available in both years. Geographic and CAEN groups are those of the 2025 cohort; we do not measure relocations or sector changes.

CAEN classification

We use the main code from the balance sheet, normalised to four digits. Authorised activities are not summed. Short titles describe the activities; the exact Rev.2 and Rev.3 definitions sit next to each code. Where they differ, both are shown, without assuming the company's revision or historical equivalence.

Missing values and rates

A missing value stays unknown. Margins require positive turnover and a known net result, including losses. The median treats every company equally. The aggregate margin uses the sums of profit and sales for exactly the same eligible companies. The bands are: below 0%, exactly 0%, above 0% up to and including 2%, above 2% up to and including 5%, above 5% up to and including 10%, and above 10%. They are not solvency thresholds. Growth rates are undefined when the baseline is zero or negative.

The map: capital, employees and tenders

Capital means equity (I10), including negative values, not turnover or share capital. Employees are the reported annual averages, attributed to the current office; the per-company average uses only companies with this indicator known. Tenders are initiation notices published in 2025, located by the authority's current office. Values are estimates, not payments. Colours use fixed numeric references, not ranks or quartiles. Margins have references at −10%, 0%, 2%, 5%, 10% and 20%; extreme values keep the exact number but saturate the colour. Totals use a logarithmic magnitude scale with references in the indicator's units. Each territory has a single observed value; we do not interpolate between localities. The same value keeps the same colour when the county, local unit or CAEN changes. Hatched areas have no values available. Local-unit boundaries come from ANCPI, processed by geo-spatial.org (2025). Localities are linked to local units through the INS SIRUTA 2025 nomenclature. Ambiguous addresses stay in the county total; local units use references adapted to local magnitude, constant across counties and years.

Currencies and exchange rates

All amounts are reported in RON. Conversion to EUR uses the annual average rate published by BNR for the report year; for USD, and for years without a published average, we use the arithmetic mean of the European Central Bank's daily reference rates. Today's rate is never used. It is an indicative conversion for comparison, not an accounting revaluation.

Updates

The report is recomputed periodically from the available data. The generation date does not prove the source is complete. Changes to balance sheets may revise this edition's results.

Sources: ANAF — balance sheets; ONRC — company register; SEAP / data.gov.ro — contracts. See the data sources. Download the SVG map · ANCPI boundaries · geo-spatial.org · INS · SIRUTA 2025