PRO
Statistics / Annual report

Romania, county by county. 2025

Capital, people and business. Discover the differences on the map.

42 TERRITORIES · BALANCE SHEETS AND TENDERS 2025

Where capital gathers

Explore the localities
Main activity · CAEN 42212025
Alba: 25.75M RON
Loading localities…

Equity · RON

Blue: low valuesYellow: high values
-27.6M
-651.8K
13.2M
65.2M
156.7M

42 of 42 territories with values · Relative scale across counties in this selection · square-root spacing, anchored at zero. Colours are recalculated when the selection changes.▧ No data

Report financial filters: Alba · CAEN 4221

Alba · Lucrări de construcții a proiectelor utilitare pentru fluide · CAEN 4221 · balance sheets available for 2025

Sales

-1.8%

Lower sales, at the same companies.

7 comparable companies · 2025 / 2024

Profitability

27.7%

Net margin of the typical company.

10 eligible companies · 83.3% of companies with a known result are profitable

Concentration

100%

Of sales, in the hands of the top ten companies.

Share of the selection's turnover · 2025

Size of the selection

Updated 9/18/2026, 2:44:30 PM · balance sheets 2025 / 2024

Companies analysed
12
With at least one financial indicator available
Cumulative turnover
31.43M RON
12 companies with a known value
Cumulative net result
10.57M RON
12 companies · profit minus losses
Employees reported
38
10 companies · annual averages summed
/01Geography

Where business concentrates

Turnover and jobs, by the companies' current registered office. Pick a county from the list to continue the analysis.

Alba holds 0.4% of observed sales in the selected sector, with 12 companies.

Counties by turnover

Top 8 · 2025 balance sheets · share of the located-county total

  1. 1.82B RON25.3%
  2. 959.36M RON13.4%
  3. 538.98M RON7.5%
  4. 429.23M RON6%
  5. 355.02M RON4.9%
  6. 296.89M RON4.1%
  7. 271.67M RON3.8%
  8. 268.57M RON3.7%

Where the employees are

Top 8 by reported average headcount · share of the located-county total

  1. 2,61524.6%
  2. 6175.8%
  3. 6105.7%
  4. 4544.3%
  5. 4484.2%
  6. 4314%
  7. 4294%
  8. 4063.8%
/02CAEN sectors

Which sectors drive the economy?

Compare the main activities in Alba. Open a sector for details.

In Fabricarea lagărelor, angrenajelor, cutiilor de viteză și a elementelor mecanice de transmisie, ten companies make 100% of sales. In Transport rutier de mărfuri, only 41.1%.

How much of a sector fits in ten companies?

Concentration extremes among the top 8 sectors by turnover · share of observed sales, not market share

  1. Fabricarea lagărelor, angrenajelor, cutiilor de viteză și a elementelor mecanice de transmisie100%
  2. Transport rutier de mărfuri41.1%
41 sectors · descending orderTurnover · 2025
01
7 companies

10.75B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024-1.7%

7 comparable

Top 10 companies

100%

02
3 companies

2.5B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024-21.5%

3 comparable

Top 10 companies

100%

03
2 companies

2.22B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+0.1%

1 comparable

Top 10 companies

100%

04
1,035 companies

2.17B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024-1.6%

792 comparable

Top 10 companies

41.1%

05
15 companies

1.54B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+8.8%

9 comparable

Top 10 companies

100%

06
3 companies

1.23B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+9.5%

3 comparable

Top 10 companies

100%

07
14 companies

1.17B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+8.6%

12 comparable

Top 10 companies

100%

08
32 companies

1.16B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+0.4%

26 comparable

Top 10 companies

98.5%

09
515 companies

991.73M RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+2.3%

418 comparable

Top 10 companies

42%

10
3 companies

891.98M RON

Turnover · 2025/2024-3.4%

3 comparable

Top 10 companies

100%

One company, one main code. Growth uses the same companies in both years; missing values remain "—". CAEN definitions sit next to each name.

/03Performance

What the typical company looks like

Beyond the giants: sales and margin of the company in the middle of the distribution.

The typical company sells 81.61K RON a year and keeps 27.7% of sales as net profit.

Median turnover
81.61K RON
12 values available
Median net margin
27.7%
10 eligible companies
Aggregate net margin
33.6%
Cumulative profit / cumulative sales, same companies
Profitable companies
83.3%
10 of 12 with a known result
National median · CAEN 4221
11.7%
Same activity, all of Romania

Distribution of net margins

Companies by margin band · net profit / positive turnover

  • Loss110%
  • Zero result00%
  • Above 0–2%110%
  • Above 2–5%110%
  • Above 5–10%00%
  • Above 10%770%

10 companies with a known profit and positive sales; 2 excluded. Bands describe margins, not bankruptcy risk.

/04Change

Who grew. Who shrank.

Same companies, two years. Compare the change in sales with the change in jobs.

57.1% of the 7 comparable companies sold more in 2025 than in 2024.

Cumulative turnover
-1.8%
7 companies with turnover in both years
Median turnover change
+2.5%
Only companies with a positive 2024 baseline
Number of employees
-38.3%
7 companies with employees reported in both years

More sales or fewer?

Number of companies with comparable data, split by direction of change

  • Growth457.1%
  • Decline228.6%
  • No change114.3%

Nominal changes in RON, not adjusted for inflation. Companies without data in one of the years are not compared.

/05Dynamics

Company dynamics, county by county

Growth, survival, concentration, the trade register and state dependence in 2025: the national figure and the counties at both ends, for every map layer.

How much business grew on last year

Turnover change at the same companies · % vs 2025−1

Nationally: -1.8% in 2025. Highest values: Olt (+184%), Botoșani (+108.5%), Vrancea (+60.7%), Bistrița-Năsăud (+41.4%), Teleorman (+27.2%). Lowest: Giurgiu (-51.9%), Vâlcea (-31%), Maramureș (-26.6%), Constanța (-26.5%), Bacău (-24.3%). 41 counties with data.

The five-year growth pace

Average annual turnover growth at the same companies · % per year, 5 years

Highest values: Ialomița (+67.2%), Botoșani (+39.8%), Cluj (+33.3%), Teleorman (+25.8%), Bihor (+25.7%). Lowest: Giurgiu (-25.7%), Maramureș (-5.7%), Brașov (-5.7%), Brăila (-5.1%), Tulcea (-4.4%). 38 counties with data.

How many companies still file after five years

Companies that filed five years ago and still file in 2025 · %

Nationally: 57.1% in 2025. Highest values: Mehedinți (100%), Maramureș (100%), Olt (93.3%), Vrancea (88.9%), Bihor (87.5%). Lowest: Satu Mare (48.1%), Călărași (57.1%), Alba (57.1%), Ilfov (59.2%), Teleorman (60%). 40 counties with data.

Where money is lost

Companies with a net loss · % of those reporting a result

Nationally: 8.3% in 2025. Highest values: Covasna (75%), Giurgiu (55.6%), Vaslui (53.8%), Sălaj (50%), Hunedoara (45%). Lowest: Alba (8.3%), Caraș-Severin (14.3%), Vrancea (15.4%), Mehedinți (18.2%), Dâmbovița (19.2%). 42 counties with data.

Companies with negative equity

Companies with negative equity · % of those reporting equity

Nationally: 16.7% in 2025. Highest values: Covasna (62.5%), Ialomița (50%), București (40.3%), Teleorman (40%), Sălaj (38.5%). Lowest: Caraș-Severin (14.3%), Harghita (15%), Vaslui (15.4%), Tulcea (15.8%), Alba (16.7%). 42 counties with data.

How much the top 10 hold

Share of the top 10 companies in turnover · %

Highest values: Hunedoara (99.9%), Botoșani (99.9%), Sibiu (99.3%), Mureș (99.1%), Olt (99%). Lowest: București (77.8%), Ilfov (88.1%), Prahova (88.3%), Constanța (88.9%), Dolj (89.4%). 28 counties with data.

What the middle company earns

Median turnover · RON

Nationally: 81.61K RON in 2025. Highest values: Iași (1.55M RON), Bacău (1.32M RON), Mehedinți (1.21M RON), Suceava (1.19M RON), Arad (997.88K RON). Lowest: Hunedoara (31.84K RON), Alba (81.61K RON), Giurgiu (85K RON), Caraș-Severin (86.78K RON), Olt (96.27K RON). 42 counties with data.

Turnover per employee

Turnover per employee · RON

Nationally: 824.44K RON in 2025. Highest values: Botoșani (2.36M RON), Cluj (990.96K RON), Teleorman (977.34K RON), Timiș (916.01K RON), Mureș (873.26K RON). Lowest: Gorj (106.31K RON), Caraș-Severin (108.74K RON), Giurgiu (168.8K RON), Vâlcea (223.21K RON), Covasna (231.78K RON). 42 counties with data.

/06Data

The data behind the map

The same aggregates as on the map, also available as tables, with a stable citation for every version.

Analysis: DemoANAF.ro · Alba · CAEN 4221.

In Alba, the 2025 report covers 12 companies with available indicators (CAEN 4221). This is the observed sample, not the number of all registered companies.

The median net margin is 27.7% in 2025, computed for 10 companies with positive sales and a known net result, including loss-making companies. 2 companies do not meet these conditions.

1 companies have strictly positive margins of at most 2% (10% of eligible companies). 1 eligible companies have negative margins.

10 of 12 companies with a known net result are profitable: 83.3%. The cumulative net result, after subtracting losses, is 10.57M RON.

The cumulative turnover of the 7 comparable companies changed by -1.8% between 2024 and 2025, in nominal RON.

Counties · 42
Counties · 2025 balance sheets · values in RON · unknown values are marked "—".
Territory / activityCompaniesSalesNet profitEmployeesEquityMedian margin
Alba1231.43M RON10.57M RON3825.75M RON27.7%
Arad30113.44M RON20.92M RON23912.97M RON14.6%
Argeș4094.72M RON10.99M RON27715.39M RON12.3%
Bacău1992.92M RON2.36M RON25823.66M RON8.8%
Bihor64262.57M RON57.68M RON38084.93M RON11.3%
Bistrița-Năsăud3044M RON8.61M RON9619.29M RON7.8%
Botoșani20959.36M RON94.06M RON406149.1M RON16%
Brăila1620.49M RON3.33M RON42-36.91K RON26%
Brașov2659.29M RON-2.34M RON1185.81M RON12.8%
București1491.82B RON142.26M RON2,615130.77M RON13.1%
Buzău2752.15M RON7.37M RON12922.2M RON13.6%
Călărași1925.18M RON2.75M RON659.54M RON21.3%
Caraș-Severin71.2M RON377.17K RON111.51M RON12.9%
Cluj56429.23M RON45.05M RON429134.58M RON12.2%
Constanța48228.74M RON22.52M RON43147.4M RON11.7%
Covasna83.74M RON219.97K RON1676.06K RON-43.1%
Dâmbovița26121.71M RON14.45M RON18845.34M RON10.9%
Dolj4639.1M RON20.41M RON14627.72M RON13.4%
Galați28108.38M RON12.54M RON16945.83M RON22.7%
Giurgiu95.3M RON-1.01M RON314.27M RON-6.9%
Gorj91.5M RON-1.76M RON15412.71K RON9.7%
Harghita2025.92M RON1.16M RON9615.65M RON2.1%
Hunedoara2034.58M RON4.39M RON11512.79M RON5%
Ialomița1219.53M RON3.49M RON291.63M RON25.5%
Iași36268.57M RON28.12M RON454107.53M RON20.2%
Ilfov76271.67M RON20.69M RON448124.61M RON12.5%
Maramureș2984.89M RON2.22M RON27043.55M RON2.1%
Mehedinți1140.66M RON5.01M RON10310.01M RON18.7%
Mureș32538.98M RON34.84M RON617156.71M RON11.3%
Neamț23107.79M RON14.55M RON228-27.55M RON11.4%
Olt2855.03M RON8.88M RON1094.67M RON20%
Prahova70296.89M RON29.4M RON610151.79M RON10.8%
Sălaj2614.61M RON2.09M RON526.56M RON2.4%
Satu Mare2763.76M RON10.61M RON11941.87M RON0.9%
Sibiu25111.64M RON10.24M RON16544.7M RON15.4%
Suceava26186.34M RON14.91M RON33053.2M RON10.7%
Teleorman1033.36M RON12.4M RON3321.92M RON14.1%
Timiș52355.02M RON31.15M RON388152.61M RON3%
Tulcea1933.81M RON1.87M RON11025.01M RON17.8%
Vâlcea2250.36M RON8.68M RON5731.79M RON14.1%
CAEN sectors · Alba · 41
CAEN sectors · Alba · 2025 balance sheets · values in RON · unknown values are marked "—".
Territory / activityCompaniesSalesNet profitEmployeesEquityMedian margin
Fabricarea lagărelor, angrenajelor, cutiilor de viteză și a elementelor mecanice de transmisie · CAEN 2815710.75B RON402.31M RON2,7971.78B RON3.7%
Fabricarea altor componente electronice (Rev.2) / Fabricarea subansamblurilor electronice (module) (Rev.3) · CAEN 261232.5B RON97.58M RON1,691496.82M RON3.3%
Fabricarea de furnire și a panourilor de lemn (Rev.2) / Fabricarea de furnire și a panourilor din lemn (Rev.3) · CAEN 162122.22B RON-60.31M RON7431.67B RON-1,960.1%
Transport rutier de mărfuri · CAEN 49411,0352.17B RON104.69M RON4,321435.9M RON2.7%
Fabricarea produselor lactate și a brânzeturilor · CAEN 1051151.54B RON52.89M RON557231M RON2.2%
Prelucrarea și conservarea cărnii de pasăre · CAEN 101231.23B RON357.81M RON2,2601.85B RON2.7%
Comerț cu ridicata al produselor lactate, ouălor, uleiurilor și grăsimilor comestibile · CAEN 4633141.17B RON86.78M RON370758.24M RON4.7%
Fabricarea produselor din carne (inclusiv din carne de pasăre) · CAEN 1013321.16B RON110.45M RON2,779708.74M RON5.7%
Comerț alimentar nespecializat · CAEN 4711515991.73M RON26.2M RON1,969153.56M RON1.4%
Fabricarea hârtiei și cartonului · CAEN 17123891.98M RON38.65M RON5741.19B RON7.4%
Construcții de clădiri · CAEN 4120727649.15M RON50.62M RON1,967264.3M RON5.1%
Tăierea și rindeluirea lemnului · CAEN 161137620.78M RON-9.04M RON709263.26M RON0.2%
Fabricarea produselor din beton pentru construcții · CAEN 236134585.23M RON9.59M RON1,139380.09M RON-1.1%
Extracția altor minereuri metalifere neferoase · CAEN 07299525.33M RON134.21M RON598289.64M RON17.9%
Fabricarea altor piese și accesorii pentru autovehicule și pentru motoare de autovehicule · CAEN 29327446M RON10.32M RON967294.44M RON8.7%
Construcții de clădiri · CAEN 4100253441.42M RON50.37M RON1,140180.33M RON8.7%
Comerț cu ridicata al cerealelor, semințelor, furajelor și tutunului neprelucrat · CAEN 462124428.8M RON8.68M RON7740.53M RON2.5%
Comerț cu carburanți · CAEN 473026421.7M RON3.63M RON35835.72M RON1.5%
Comerț cu ridicata al aparatelor electrice de uz gospodăresc, al aparatelor de radio și televizoarelor · CAEN 464319405.42M RON9.29M RON15449.26M RON2%
Cultivarea strugurilor · CAEN 012112368.95M RON33.82M RON611350.79M RON4.9%
Fabricarea încălțămintei · CAEN 152014342.86M RON7M RON1,279109.55M RON0.6%
Fabricarea betonului · CAEN 23638341.3M RON20.55M RON655239.73M RON3.7%
Comerț cu amănuntul al produselor farmaceutice · CAEN 477359325.75M RON11.6M RON39838.96M RON2%
Creșterea bovinelor de lapte · CAEN 014138317.03M RON54.19M RON312242.4M RON2.9%
Producția generatoarelor de aburi (cu excepția cazanelor pentru încălzire centrală) (Rev.2) / Fabricarea armamentului și muniției (Rev.3) · CAEN 25303316.19M RON33.82M RON1,699852.94M RON6.8%
Fabricarea de mobilă · CAEN 310048313.66M RON-7.76M RON916167.5M RON0.6%
Lucrări de instalații sanitare, de încălzire și de aer condiționat · CAEN 4322203302M RON49.43M RON650153.52M RON7.6%
Lucrări de construcții a drumurilor și autostrăzilor · CAEN 421164300.96M RON23.63M RON619121.26M RON4.8%
Exploatarea forestieră · CAEN 0220125291.18M RON10.13M RON55462.75M RON5.2%
Prelucrarea și conservarea cărnii · CAEN 101116268.56M RON14.99M RON37246.24M RON4.7%
Lucrări de instalații electrice · CAEN 4321160253.55M RON34.68M RON53587.33M RON12.6%
Comerț cu ridicata al băuturilor · CAEN 46349249.34M RON782.25K RON742.44M RON2.4%
Fabricarea altor mașini și utilaje de utilizare generală n.c.a. · CAEN 28293222.29M RON20.14M RON15972.44M RON6.6%
Comerț cu ridicata al combustibililor solizi, lichizi și gazoși și al produselor derivate · CAEN 46818202.42M RON6.56M RON9422.1M RON3.2%
Creșterea păsărilor · CAEN 014714198.91M RON32.43M RON204100.8M RON2.4%
Fabricarea condimentelor și ingredientelor · CAEN 10841197.05M RON5.88M RON20195.26M RON3%
Captarea, tratarea și distribuția apei · CAEN 36002195.47M RON10.64M RON822105.45M RON-14.8%
Comerț cu ridicata al materialului lemnos și a materialelor de construcție și echipamentelor sanitare · CAEN 468344191.19M RON7.14M RON19742.15M RON5.2%
Fabricarea altor produse din material plastic · CAEN 22262187.77M RON24.07M RON28676.72M RON6.6%
Fabricarea articolelor ceramice pentru uz gospodăresc și ornamental · CAEN 234117178.41M RON6.56M RON64035.64M RON3%
Local units · Alba · 8
Local units · Alba · 2025 balance sheets · values in RON · unknown values are marked "—".
Territory / activityCompaniesSalesNet profitEmployeesEquityMedian margin
Alba Iulia429.18M RON9.77M RON3224.43M RON58.6%
Câmpeni1259.51K RON57.14K RON191.98K RON22%
Sebeș1531.06K RON240.33K RON1219.61K RON45.3%
Ighiu293.05K RON4.22K RON110.68K RON7.4%
Sântimbru1177.5K RON-60.32K RON1440.63K RON-34%
Unirea11.09M RON522.76K RON1522.76K RON47.8%
Vidra115K RON46 RON1246 RON0.3%
Vințu de Jos175.08K RON37.92K RON038.12K RON50.5%
SICAP tenders · values by territory

National series independent of CAEN: initiation notices published in 2025, by the authority's current office. Values are estimates, not payments.

Notices and estimated values, 2025
Territory / activityNoticesValue (RON)
Brașov8345.85B RON
Ialomița1801.07B RON
Iași1,08614.34B RON
Tulcea1771.17B RON
Mehedinți187918.76M RON
Vâlcea3842.27B RON
Mureș7408.41B RON
București6,659146.69B RON
Bacău4292.57B RON
Maramureș3712.83B RON
Botoșani3211.32B RON
Brăila3581.49B RON
Galați5775.68B RON
Dâmbovița3673.11B RON
Caraș-Severin2411.42B RON
Hunedoara4822.3B RON
Prahova5524.43B RON
Călărași174765.83M RON
Ilfov5536.78B RON
Constanța7577.24B RON
Bihor6584.49B RON
Sibiu9085.72B RON
Timiș9158.62B RON
Olt3041.2B RON
Cluj1,48415.53B RON
Vaslui3661.65B RON
Giurgiu1711.94B RON
Neamț3461.76B RON
Gorj6013.25B RON
Sălaj2651.1B RON
Alba3591.58B RON
Suceava5673.91B RON
Argeș5322.2B RON
Dolj66113.33B RON
Bistrița-Năsăud2721.71B RON
Teleorman2291.58B RON
Arad3863.25B RON
Buzău2781.02B RON
Vrancea2773.31B RON
Covasna2551.01B RON
Harghita3332.68B RON
Satu Mare2912.55B RON
Județ necunoscut2221.89M RON
UAT Blaj2588.27M RON
UAT Aiud2048.97M RON
UAT Cugir10332.7M RON
UAT Alba Iulia98502M RON
UAT Doștat312.36M RON
UAT Lupșa31.98M RON
UAT Sebeș2992.09M RON
UAT Săsciori12.75M RON
UAT Blandiana15.29M RON
UAT Roșia de Secaș43M RON
UAT Șona12.24M RON

Cite the report

Computed on 9/18/2026, 2:44:30 PM · version 20260918114430147. Annual data may be revised when new balance sheets arrive.

DemoANAF.ro. Romania business report 2025 — Alba, CAEN 4221. Version 20260918114430147, computed on 2026-09-18T11:44:30.147Z. https://demoanaf.ro/en/raport-afaceri-romania-2025?judet=Alba&caen=4221#date-raport Data: https://demoanaf.ro/rapoarte/afaceri-romania-2025/date.csv?rev=20260918114430147

CSV · this versionCSV field definitionsMethodology and sources

/07Registrations

In which months do new companies appear?

SRL, SRL-D and SA registrations observed in Romania. National series, independent of the financial filters.

Most new companies appeared in July: 10,734 observed registrations.

Pace of registrations

Earliest available registration for each CUI · coverage not confirmed

Solid line: 2025

See the monthly data
Month2025
Jan6,313
Feb8,206
Mar8,589
Apr7,449
May8,145
Jun7,682
Jul10,734
Aug7,697
Sep9,208
Oct9,472
Nov9,682
Dec7,334

Coverage not confirmed: differences between series may reflect missing data. Months without observations do not mean zero.

/08Procurement

Companies and public procurement

Pace of distinct contracts recorded in SEAP. National series, by contract date.

The month with the most SEAP contracts was April: 12,765 distinct contracts.

Contracts recorded in SEAP

A contract's lots and suppliers are not counted as separate contracts

Solid line: 2025

See the monthly data
Month2025
Jan10,684
Feb9,665
Mar11,690
Apr12,765
May11,213
Jun9,725
Jul9,714
Aug9,094
Sep9,436
Oct12,761
Nov12,032
Dec9,769

Period coverage is not confirmed. We count contracts, not payments; awarded values are not actual spending.

/09Methodology

What we measure and what stays unknown

Every percentage must have a clear population, a period and a source.

Balance sheets and coverage

We analyse companies with financial indicators available for 2025. This is not a census of all companies and does not implicitly cover only SRL/SA. The coverage of each indicator is shown separately.

Year-on-year comparisons

Annual balance sheets do not measure H1 2026 results. Companies are linked by CUI. We compare only values available in both years. Geographic and CAEN groups are those of the 2025 cohort; we do not measure relocations or sector changes.

CAEN classification

We use the main code from the balance sheet, normalised to four digits. Authorised activities are not summed. Short titles describe the activities; the exact Rev.2 and Rev.3 definitions sit next to each code. Where they differ, both are shown, without assuming the company's revision or historical equivalence.

Missing values and rates

A missing value stays unknown. Margins require positive turnover and a known net result, including losses. The median treats every company equally. The aggregate margin uses the sums of profit and sales for exactly the same eligible companies. The bands are: below 0%, exactly 0%, above 0% up to and including 2%, above 2% up to and including 5%, above 5% up to and including 10%, and above 10%. They are not solvency thresholds. Growth rates are undefined when the baseline is zero or negative.

The map: capital, employees and tenders

Capital means equity (I10), including negative values, not turnover or share capital. Employees are the reported annual averages, attributed to the current office; the per-company average uses only companies with this indicator known. Tenders are initiation notices published in 2025, located by the authority's current office. Values are estimates, not payments. Colours use fixed numeric references, not ranks or quartiles. Margins have references at −10%, 0%, 2%, 5%, 10% and 20%; extreme values keep the exact number but saturate the colour. Totals use a logarithmic magnitude scale with references in the indicator's units. Each territory has a single observed value; we do not interpolate between localities. The same value keeps the same colour when the county, local unit or CAEN changes. Hatched areas have no values available. Local-unit boundaries come from ANCPI, processed by geo-spatial.org (2025). Localities are linked to local units through the INS SIRUTA 2025 nomenclature. Ambiguous addresses stay in the county total; local units use references adapted to local magnitude, constant across counties and years.

Currencies and exchange rates

All amounts are reported in RON. Conversion to EUR uses the annual average rate published by BNR for the report year; for USD, and for years without a published average, we use the arithmetic mean of the European Central Bank's daily reference rates. Today's rate is never used. It is an indicative conversion for comparison, not an accounting revaluation.

Updates

The report is recomputed periodically from the available data. The generation date does not prove the source is complete. Changes to balance sheets may revise this edition's results.

Sources: ANAF — balance sheets; ONRC — company register; SEAP / data.gov.ro — contracts. See the data sources. Download the SVG map · ANCPI boundaries · geo-spatial.org · INS · SIRUTA 2025