PRO
Statistics / Annual report

Romania, county by county. 2025

Capital, people and business. Discover the differences on the map.

42 TERRITORIES · BALANCE SHEETS AND TENDERS 2025

Where capital gathers

Explore the localities
Main activity · CAEN 42112025
Covasna: 137.16M RON
Loading localities…

Equity · RON

Blue: low valuesYellow: high values
-278.1M
178.2K
307M
1.2B
2.7B

42 of 42 territories with values · Relative scale across counties in this selection · square-root spacing, anchored at zero. Colours are recalculated when the selection changes.▧ No data

Report financial filters: Covasna · CAEN 4211

Covasna · Lucrări de construcții a drumurilor și autostrăzilor · CAEN 4211 · balance sheets available for 2025

Sales

-5.4%

Lower sales, at the same companies.

13 comparable companies · 2025 / 2024

Profitability

9.2%

Net margin of the typical company.

13 eligible companies · 84.6% of companies with a known result are profitable

Concentration

99.6%

Of sales, in the hands of the top ten companies.

Share of the selection's turnover · 2025

Size of the selection

Updated 9/18/2026, 8:47:03 PM · balance sheets 2025 / 2024

Companies analysed
13
With at least one financial indicator available
Cumulative turnover
138.71M RON
13 companies with a known value
Cumulative net result
15.88M RON
13 companies · profit minus losses
Employees reported
311
12 companies · annual averages summed
/01Geography

Where business concentrates

Turnover and jobs, by the companies' current registered office. Pick a county from the list to continue the analysis.

Covasna holds 0.3% of observed sales in the selected sector, with 13 companies.

Counties by turnover

Top 8 · 2025 balance sheets · share of the located-county total

  1. 16.38B RON37.8%
  2. 6.17B RON14.2%
  3. 3.47B RON8%
  4. 1.24B RON2.9%
  5. 1.21B RON2.8%
  6. 1.2B RON2.8%
  7. 1.17B RON2.7%
  8. 1.16B RON2.7%

Where the employees are

Top 8 by reported average headcount · share of the located-county total

  1. 7,23314.6%
  2. 7,09914.3%
  3. 3,2496.5%
  4. 2,2894.6%
  5. 1,8903.8%
  6. 1,8173.7%
  7. 1,7513.5%
  8. 1,5163.1%
/02CAEN sectors

Which sectors drive the economy?

Compare the main activities in Covasna. Open a sector for details.

In Fabricarea produselor lactate și a brânzeturilor, ten companies make 100% of sales. In Comerț alimentar nespecializat, only 31.9%.

SECTOR RADIOGRAPHY

Lucrări de construcții a drumurilor și autostrăzilor · Covasna

How much of a sector fits in ten companies?

Concentration extremes among the top 8 sectors by turnover · share of observed sales, not market share

  1. Fabricarea produselor lactate și a brânzeturilor100%
  2. Comerț alimentar nespecializat31.9%
40 sectors · descending orderTurnover · 2025
01
11 companies

1.42B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+13.1%

7 comparable

Top 10 companies

100%

02
331 companies

833.82M RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+0.6%

267 comparable

Top 10 companies

57.6%

03
18 companies

796.2M RON

Turnover · 2025/2024-13.8%

11 comparable

Top 10 companies

100%

04
7 companies

557.51M RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+2.2%

6 comparable

Top 10 companies

100%

05
333 companies

523.26M RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+0.8%

287 comparable

Top 10 companies

31.9%

06
3 companies

311.85M RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+3.4%

3 comparable

Top 10 companies

100%

07
31 companies

249.79M RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+18.3%

30 comparable

Top 10 companies

84.6%

08
55 companies

239M RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+37.3%

27 comparable

Top 10 companies

94.8%

09
13 companies

227.75M RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+8.7%

12 comparable

Top 10 companies

99.7%

10
7 companies

225.74M RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+0.2%

5 comparable

Top 10 companies

100%

One company, one main code. Growth uses the same companies in both years; missing values remain "—". CAEN definitions sit next to each name.

/03Performance

What the typical company looks like

Beyond the giants: sales and margin of the company in the middle of the distribution.

The typical company sells 1.13M RON a year and keeps 9.2% of sales as net profit.

Median turnover
1.13M RON
13 values available
Median net margin
9.2%
13 eligible companies
Aggregate net margin
11.5%
Cumulative profit / cumulative sales, same companies
Profitable companies
84.6%
11 of 13 with a known result
National median · CAEN 4211
9.1%
Same activity, all of Romania

Distribution of net margins

Companies by margin band · net profit / positive turnover

  • Loss215.4%
  • Zero result00%
  • Above 0–2%00%
  • Above 2–5%215.4%
  • Above 5–10%323.1%
  • Above 10%646.2%

13 companies with a known profit and positive sales; 0 excluded. Bands describe margins, not bankruptcy risk.

/04Change

Who grew. Who shrank.

Same companies, two years. Compare the change in sales with the change in jobs.

61.5% of the 13 comparable companies sold more in 2025 than in 2024.

Cumulative turnover
-5.4%
13 companies with turnover in both years
Median turnover change
+7.1%
Only companies with a positive 2024 baseline
Number of employees
-1%
11 companies with employees reported in both years

More sales or fewer?

Number of companies with comparable data, split by direction of change

  • Growth861.5%
  • Decline538.5%
  • No change00%

Nominal changes in RON, not adjusted for inflation. Companies without data in one of the years are not compared.

/05Dynamics

Company dynamics, county by county

Growth, survival, concentration, the trade register and state dependence in 2025: the national figure and the counties at both ends, for every map layer.

How much business grew on last year

Turnover change at the same companies · % vs 2025−1

Nationally: -5.4% in 2025. Highest values: Vâlcea (+19.9%), Bacău (+11.4%), Vrancea (+8.3%), Timiș (+7.7%), Mehedinți (+6.1%). Lowest: Teleorman (-49.3%), Olt (-47.3%), Tulcea (-29.9%), Neamț (-29%), Brașov (-28.2%). 42 counties with data.

The five-year growth pace

Average annual turnover growth at the same companies · % per year, 5 years

Nationally: +5% in 2025. Highest values: Bacău (+43.8%), Brăila (+33.9%), Dâmbovița (+23.3%), Cluj (+17.3%), Bistrița-Năsăud (+16.4%). Lowest: Teleorman (-12.6%), Tulcea (-9.5%), Arad (-1.8%), Vaslui (-1.7%), Gorj (+1.2%). 42 counties with data.

How many companies still file after five years

Companies that filed five years ago and still file in 2025 · %

Nationally: 70% in 2025. Highest values: Teleorman (85.7%), Buzău (84.1%), Vrancea (82.9%), Bistrița-Năsăud (82.6%), Tulcea (81.8%). Lowest: Satu Mare (57.3%), Giurgiu (58.6%), București (60.8%), Iași (61.4%), Sălaj (63%). 42 counties with data.

Where money is lost

Companies with a net loss · % of those reporting a result

Nationally: 15.4% in 2025. Highest values: Tulcea (57.1%), Brașov (42.3%), Neamț (41.9%), Prahova (41.4%), Ilfov (40%). Lowest: Mehedinți (8.7%), Vaslui (10.3%), Covasna (15.4%), Vâlcea (15.6%), Suceava (16.9%). 42 counties with data.

Companies with negative equity

Companies with negative equity · % of those reporting equity

Nationally: 7.7% in 2025. Highest values: Caraș-Severin (42.4%), Arad (39.7%), Giurgiu (35.5%), Brașov (34.6%), Ilfov (33.8%). Lowest: Vaslui (3.4%), Botoșani (4.5%), Covasna (7.7%), Mehedinți (8.7%), Mureș (9.8%). 42 counties with data.

How much the top 10 hold

Share of the top 10 companies in turnover · %

Highest values: Bacău (99.7%), Ialomița (99.6%), Brăila (99.6%), Caraș-Severin (99.1%), Harghita (98.8%). Lowest: București (52.5%), Satu Mare (68.3%), Suceava (70.2%), Ilfov (70.9%), Timiș (72.6%). 40 counties with data.

What the middle company earns

Median turnover · RON

Nationally: 1.13M RON in 2025. Highest values: Constanța (1.95M RON), Botoșani (1.58M RON), Călărași (1.44M RON), Neamț (1.32M RON), Buzău (1.19M RON). Lowest: Vrancea (132.64K RON), Caraș-Severin (164.79K RON), Gorj (229.01K RON), Sălaj (236K RON), Alba (247.27K RON). 42 counties with data.

Turnover per employee

Turnover per employee · RON

Nationally: 445.78K RON in 2025. Highest values: Bacău (2.26M RON), Bistrița-Năsăud (1.11M RON), Cluj (1.05M RON), Ilfov (897.68K RON), București (858.92K RON). Lowest: Tulcea (214.71K RON), Teleorman (225.94K RON), Olt (293.76K RON), Gorj (313.55K RON), Mureș (366.02K RON). 42 counties with data.

/06Data

The data behind the map

The same aggregates as on the map, also available as tables, with a stable citation for every version.

Analysis: DemoANAF.ro · Covasna · CAEN 4211.

In Covasna, the 2025 report covers 13 companies with available indicators (CAEN 4211). This is the observed sample, not the number of all registered companies.

The median net margin is 9.2% in 2025, computed for 13 companies with positive sales and a known net result, including loss-making companies. 0 companies do not meet these conditions.

0 companies have strictly positive margins of at most 2% (0% of eligible companies). 2 eligible companies have negative margins.

11 of 13 companies with a known net result are profitable: 84.6%. The cumulative net result, after subtracting losses, is 15.88M RON.

The cumulative turnover of the 13 comparable companies changed by -5.4% between 2024 and 2025, in nominal RON.

Brăduț (Covasna), CAEN 4211, 2025: 1 located companies, 5 employees reported, -38.24K RON net result and -3.6% median net margin (1 eligible companies).

Counties · 43
Counties · 2025 balance sheets · values in RON · unknown values are marked "—".
Territory / activityCompaniesSalesNet profitEmployeesEquityMedian margin
Alba64300.96M RON23.63M RON619121.26M RON4.8%
Arad58242.64M RON7.79M RON56841.9M RON9.8%
Argeș55741.55M RON78.22M RON1,516211.56M RON10.1%
Bacău6516.38B RON1.17B RON7,2332.67B RON5.6%
Bihor1171.21B RON130.46M RON1,890465.66M RON10.9%
Bistrița-Năsăud601.16B RON89.09M RON1,042267.5M RON5.6%
Botoșani22358.86M RON33.31M RON619147.41M RON6.1%
Brăila22245.1M RON15.02M RON50289.12M RON7.6%
Brașov52292.89M RON22.34M RON66946.36M RON4.8%
București3636.17B RON76.84M RON7,099-278.11M RON9.3%
Buzău58517.63M RON60.52M RON1,205213.3M RON14.9%
Călărași18150.28M RON16.79M RON25940.93M RON8.7%
Caraș-Severin33104.45M RON11.78M RON24428.06M RON7.6%
Cluj1713.47B RON481.93M RON3,2491.25B RON6.6%
Constanța52938.41M RON83.99M RON1,751310.66M RON8.4%
Covasna13138.71M RON15.88M RON311137.16M RON9.2%
Dâmbovița56261.6M RON18.55M RON36481.12M RON17.4%
Dolj48336.07M RON34.11M RON704176.87M RON11.1%
Galați421.2B RON62.85M RON2,289400.17M RON12.8%
Giurgiu3177.15M RON10.56M RON18838.96M RON13.5%
Gorj35151.16M RON17.72M RON48186.7M RON13.8%
Harghita22265M RON18.96M RON502130.43M RON2.3%
Hunedoara56270.54M RON41.75M RON627133.71M RON11.2%
Ialomița21380.46M RON30.91M RON616201.17M RON19%
Iași55605.29M RON63.26M RON1,053214M RON6.4%
Ilfov1451.17B RON47.15M RON1,21587.28M RON7.9%
Județ necunoscut519.88M RON2.03M RON4-162.3M RON29.4%
Maramureș94486.11M RON29.62M RON1,172190.34M RON7.6%
Mehedinți23461.55M RON70.04M RON1,015329.84M RON31.9%
Mureș82515.15M RON22.14M RON1,397261.39M RON13.4%
Neamț31550.27M RON107.84M RON916629.91M RON4.7%
Olt23124.42M RON5.58M RON42175.03M RON5.4%
Prahova87918.75M RON74.2M RON1,418358.85M RON3.3%
Sălaj40253.58M RON6.2M RON62369.88M RON4.9%
Satu Mare93280.63M RON68.4M RON522113.24M RON19.3%
Sibiu41218.14M RON19.12M RON56687.25M RON5.3%
Suceava77422.52M RON-51.07M RON1,04165.59M RON15.9%
Teleorman2143.93M RON6.7M RON185-5.18M RON12.7%
Timiș1361.24B RON90.46M RON1,817194.54M RON7.3%
Tulcea2132.85M RON1.8M RON15410.44M RON0.1%
CAEN sectors · Covasna · 40
CAEN sectors · Covasna · 2025 balance sheets · values in RON · unknown values are marked "—".
Territory / activityCompaniesSalesNet profitEmployeesEquityMedian margin
Fabricarea produselor lactate și a brânzeturilor · CAEN 1051111.42B RON110.21M RON806662.22M RON4.8%
Transport rutier de mărfuri · CAEN 4941331833.82M RON46.26M RON1,548193.93M RON4.3%
Tăierea și rindeluirea lemnului · CAEN 161118796.2M RON34.12M RON642558.92M RON0.3%
Comerț cu ridicata al cărnii și produselor din carne (Rev.2) / Comerț cu ridicata al cărnii și produselor din carne, pește și produse din pește, crustacee și moluște (Rev.3) · CAEN 46327557.51M RON8.55M RON61327.69M RON2.8%
Comerț alimentar nespecializat · CAEN 4711333523.26M RON9.86M RON1,16355.17M RON1.4%
Fabricarea hârtiei și cartonului ondulat și a ambalajelor din hârtie și carton · CAEN 17213311.85M RON-73.78M RON33831.03M RON2.1%
Comerț cu ridicata al fructelor și legumelor · CAEN 463131249.79M RON10.68M RON4722.39M RON1.1%
Construcții de clădiri · CAEN 410055239M RON10.57M RON64678.24M RON10.1%
Comerț cu ridicata al materialului lemnos și a materialelor de construcție și echipamentelor sanitare · CAEN 468313227.75M RON10.89M RON29375.92M RON4.5%
Comerț cu ridicata al metalelor și minereurilor metalice (Rev.2) / Comerț cu ridicata al pieselor și accesoriilor pentru autovehicule (Rev.3) · CAEN 46727225.74M RON1.48M RON21551.25M RON4.9%
Comerț cu ridicata cu cafea, ceai, cacao și condimente · CAEN 46376217.26M RON12.63M RON14946.3M RON5.8%
Fabricarea pâinii; fabricarea prăjiturilor și a produselor proaspete de patiserie · CAEN 107178216.51M RON19.72M RON94878.49M RON1.2%
Operațiuni de mecanică generală · CAEN 25534213.57M RON9.69M RON20867.19M RON27.4%
Comerț cu ridicata nespecializat · CAEN 469048195.8M RON10.79M RON17149.93M RON4.4%
Exploatarea forestieră · CAEN 0220105195.74M RON4.11M RON627107.75M RON2.1%
Fabricarea articolelor de îmbrăcăminte · CAEN 14214188.6M RON-13.84M RON1,564137.98M RON-8.4%
Activități de telecomunicații prin rețele cu cablu (Rev.2) / Activități de telecomunicații prin rețele cu cablu, prin rețele fără cablu și prin satelit (Rev.3) · CAEN 61106166.66M RON25.52M RON13861.58M RON7.4%
Comerț cu amănuntul al produselor farmaceutice · CAEN 477328161.94M RON7.87M RON16943.08M RON4.3%
Comerț cu ridicata al cerealelor, semințelor, furajelor și tutunului neprelucrat · CAEN 462114158.64M RON4.44M RON348.53M RON3.3%
Construcții de clădiri · CAEN 4120229156.51M RON15.13M RON72245.86M RON6.3%
Cultivarea legumelor și a pepenilor, a rădăcinoaselor și tuberculilor (Rev.2) / Cultivarea legumelor și a pepenilor, a rădăcinoaselor și tuberculiferelor (Rev.3) · CAEN 011339149.5M RON12.57M RON227148.78M RON4.1%
Hoteluri și alte facilități de cazare similare · CAEN 551029146.5M RON6.08M RON672197.84M RON0.5%
Lucrări de construcții a drumurilor și autostrăzilor · CAEN 421113138.71M RON15.88M RON311137.16M RON9.2%
Intermedieri în comerțul cu produse diverse · CAEN 461974137.33M RON7.58M RON22057.83M RON7.3%
Prelucrarea și conservarea cărnii de pasăre · CAEN 10122122.23M RON9.86M RON26646.11M RON8.1%
Tăierea și rindeluirea lemnului · CAEN 161061121.39M RON3.55M RON40749.21M RON1.7%
Comerț cu amănuntul al articolelor de fierărie, al articolelor din sticlă și a celor pentru vopsit, în magazine specializate (Rev.2) / Comerț cu amănuntul al articolelor de fierărie, al materialelor de construcții, al articolelor din sticlă și a celor pentru vopsit (Rev.3) · CAEN 475224104.6M RON6.69M RON11925.84M RON5.3%
Fabricarea articolelor din material plastic pentru construcții (Rev.2) / Fabricarea de uși și ferestre din material plastic (Rev.3) · CAEN 2223893.89M RON3M RON21355.3M RON0.3%
Fabricarea ambalajelor din lemn · CAEN 1624592.15M RON221.85K RON11012.26M RON-0.1%
Lucrări de instalații electrice · CAEN 43215690.79M RON10.65M RON23929.73M RON14.1%
Fabricarea articolelor de ambalaj din material plastic · CAEN 22221286.08M RON3.87M RON17746.5M RON0.8%
Comerț cu amănuntul nespecializat, cu vânzare predominantă de produse nealimentare · CAEN 47121384.43M RON3.51M RON9818.71M RON6.7%
Comerț cu ridicata nespecializat de produse alimentare, băuturi și tutun · CAEN 46391279.12M RON1.69M RON12419.66M RON1.4%
Colectarea deșeurilor nepericuloase · CAEN 3811870.21M RON5.83M RON35925.35M RON5.3%
Operațiuni de mecanică generală (Rev.2) / Fabricarea articolelor de feronerie (Rev.3) · CAEN 25621668.03M RON-2.59M RON25520.79M RON0.6%
Producția de băuturi răcoritoare nealcoolice; producția de ape minerale și alte ape îmbuteliate · CAEN 1107866.07M RON12.27M RON12114.54M RON1.5%
Captarea, tratarea și distribuția apei · CAEN 3600465.25M RON5.79M RON30236.76M RON9%
Comerț cu ridicata al combustibililor solizi, lichizi și gazoși și al produselor derivate · CAEN 4681263.51M RON742.88K RON32.74M RON4.5%
Fabricarea produselor din beton pentru construcții · CAEN 2361761.15M RON8.23M RON6052.75M RON9.8%
Extracția pietrișului și nisipului; extracția argilei și caolinului · CAEN 08121059.86M RON3.77M RON10026.15M RON7.8%
Local units · Covasna · 6
Local units · Covasna · 2025 balance sheets · values in RON · unknown values are marked "—".
Territory / activityCompaniesSalesNet profitEmployeesEquityMedian margin
Sfântu Gheorghe7123.22M RON14.39M RON265126.36M RON11.1%
Întorsura Buzăului211.37M RON924.77K RON316.14M RON5.6%
Sita Buzăului1801.18K RON248.79K RON233.81K RON31.1%
Bodoc1494.85K RON14.35K RON3156.36K RON2.9%
Brăduț11.07M RON-38.24K RON5614.46K RON-3.6%
Dobârlău11.75M RON341K RON53.86M RON19.5%
SICAP tenders · values by territory

National series independent of CAEN: initiation notices published in 2025, by the authority's current office. Values are estimates, not payments.

Notices and estimated values, 2025
Territory / activityNoticesValue (RON)
Brașov8345.85B RON
Ialomița1801.07B RON
Iași1,08614.34B RON
Tulcea1771.17B RON
Mehedinți187918.76M RON
Vâlcea3842.27B RON
Mureș7408.41B RON
București6,659146.69B RON
Bacău4292.57B RON
Maramureș3712.83B RON
Botoșani3211.32B RON
Brăila3581.49B RON
Galați5775.68B RON
Dâmbovița3673.11B RON
Caraș-Severin2411.42B RON
Hunedoara4822.3B RON
Prahova5524.43B RON
Călărași174765.83M RON
Ilfov5536.78B RON
Constanța7577.24B RON
Bihor6584.49B RON
Sibiu9085.72B RON
Timiș9158.62B RON
Olt3041.2B RON
Cluj1,48415.53B RON
Vaslui3661.65B RON
Giurgiu1711.94B RON
Neamț3461.76B RON
Gorj6013.25B RON
Sălaj2651.1B RON
Alba3591.58B RON
Suceava5673.91B RON
Argeș5322.2B RON
Dolj66113.33B RON
Bistrița-Năsăud2721.71B RON
Teleorman2291.58B RON
Arad3863.25B RON
Buzău2781.02B RON
Vrancea2773.31B RON
Covasna2551.01B RON
Harghita3332.68B RON
Satu Mare2912.55B RON
Județ necunoscut2221.89M RON
UAT Ilieni136.03K RON
UAT Ozun48.38M RON
UAT Zăbala21.18M RON
UAT Sfântu Gheorghe118645.91M RON
UAT Bățani313.82M RON
UAT Târgu Secuiesc2229.05M RON
UAT Bixad12.97M RON
UAT Turia212.73M RON
UAT Ghelința25.77M RON
UAT Estelnic1375K RON
UAT Brăduț152.5K RON
UAT Ojdula34.47M RON
UAT Bodoc115.68M RON
UAT Aita Mare1996.63K RON
UAT Chichiș11.81M RON
UAT Mereni17.85M RON
UAT Reci314.57M RON
UAT Zagon719.13M RON
UAT Cernat113.64M RON
UAT Brateș14.5M RON
UAT Sita Buzăului38.48M RON
UAT Vârghiș19.16M RON
UAT Lemnia19.43M RON
UAT Dobârlău44.63M RON

Cite the report

Computed on 9/18/2026, 8:47:03 PM · version 20260918174703963. Annual data may be revised when new balance sheets arrive.

DemoANAF.ro. Romania business report 2025 — Covasna, CAEN 4211, Brăduț. Version 20260918174703963, computed on 2026-09-18T17:47:03.963Z. https://demoanaf.ro/en/raport-afaceri-romania-2025?judet=Covasna&caen=4211&uat=64041#date-raport Data: https://demoanaf.ro/rapoarte/afaceri-romania-2025/date.csv?rev=20260918174703963

CSV · this versionCSV field definitionsMethodology and sources

/07Registrations

In which months do new companies appear?

SRL, SRL-D and SA registrations observed in Romania. National series, independent of the financial filters.

Most new companies appeared in July: 10,734 observed registrations.

Pace of registrations

Earliest available registration for each CUI · coverage not confirmed

Solid line: 2025

See the monthly data
Month2025
Jan6,313
Feb8,206
Mar8,589
Apr7,449
May8,145
Jun7,682
Jul10,734
Aug7,697
Sep9,208
Oct9,472
Nov9,682
Dec7,334

Coverage not confirmed: differences between series may reflect missing data. Months without observations do not mean zero.

/08Procurement

Companies and public procurement

Pace of distinct contracts recorded in SEAP. National series, by contract date.

The month with the most SEAP contracts was April: 12,765 distinct contracts.

Contracts recorded in SEAP

A contract's lots and suppliers are not counted as separate contracts

Solid line: 2025

See the monthly data
Month2025
Jan10,684
Feb9,665
Mar11,690
Apr12,765
May11,213
Jun9,725
Jul9,714
Aug9,094
Sep9,436
Oct12,761
Nov12,032
Dec9,769

Period coverage is not confirmed. We count contracts, not payments; awarded values are not actual spending.

/09Methodology

What we measure and what stays unknown

Every percentage must have a clear population, a period and a source.

Balance sheets and coverage

We analyse companies with financial indicators available for 2025. This is not a census of all companies and does not implicitly cover only SRL/SA. The coverage of each indicator is shown separately.

Year-on-year comparisons

Annual balance sheets do not measure H1 2026 results. Companies are linked by CUI. We compare only values available in both years. Geographic and CAEN groups are those of the 2025 cohort; we do not measure relocations or sector changes.

CAEN classification

We use the main code from the balance sheet, normalised to four digits. Authorised activities are not summed. Short titles describe the activities; the exact Rev.2 and Rev.3 definitions sit next to each code. Where they differ, both are shown, without assuming the company's revision or historical equivalence.

Missing values and rates

A missing value stays unknown. Margins require positive turnover and a known net result, including losses. The median treats every company equally. The aggregate margin uses the sums of profit and sales for exactly the same eligible companies. The bands are: below 0%, exactly 0%, above 0% up to and including 2%, above 2% up to and including 5%, above 5% up to and including 10%, and above 10%. They are not solvency thresholds. Growth rates are undefined when the baseline is zero or negative.

The map: capital, employees and tenders

Capital means equity (I10), including negative values, not turnover or share capital. Employees are the reported annual averages, attributed to the current office; the per-company average uses only companies with this indicator known. Tenders are initiation notices published in 2025, located by the authority's current office. Values are estimates, not payments. Colours use fixed numeric references, not ranks or quartiles. Margins have references at −10%, 0%, 2%, 5%, 10% and 20%; extreme values keep the exact number but saturate the colour. Totals use a logarithmic magnitude scale with references in the indicator's units. Each territory has a single observed value; we do not interpolate between localities. The same value keeps the same colour when the county, local unit or CAEN changes. Hatched areas have no values available. Local-unit boundaries come from ANCPI, processed by geo-spatial.org (2025). Localities are linked to local units through the INS SIRUTA 2025 nomenclature. Ambiguous addresses stay in the county total; local units use references adapted to local magnitude, constant across counties and years.

Currencies and exchange rates

All amounts are reported in RON. Conversion to EUR uses the annual average rate published by BNR for the report year; for USD, and for years without a published average, we use the arithmetic mean of the European Central Bank's daily reference rates. Today's rate is never used. It is an indicative conversion for comparison, not an accounting revaluation.

Updates

The report is recomputed periodically from the available data. The generation date does not prove the source is complete. Changes to balance sheets may revise this edition's results.

Sources: ANAF — balance sheets; ONRC — company register; SEAP / data.gov.ro — contracts. See the data sources. Download the SVG map · ANCPI boundaries · geo-spatial.org · INS · SIRUTA 2025