PRO
Statistics / Annual report

Romania, county by county. 2025

Capital, people and business. Discover the differences on the map.

42 TERRITORIES · BALANCE SHEETS AND TENDERS 2025

Where capital gathers

Explore the localities
Main activity · CAEN 10392025
Cluj: 48.45M RON
Loading localities…

Equity · RON

Blue: low valuesYellow: high values
-22.7M
-155.4K
15.8M
69.7M
161.7M

42 of 42 territories with values · Relative scale across counties in this selection · square-root spacing, anchored at zero. Colours are recalculated when the selection changes.▧ No data

Report financial filters: Cluj · CAEN 1039

Cluj · Prelucrarea și conservarea fructelor și legumelor n.c.a. · CAEN 1039 · balance sheets available for 2025

Sales

+0.8%

Higher sales, at the same companies.

36 comparable companies · 2025 / 2024

Profitability

4.5%

Net margin of the typical company.

33 eligible companies · 35.5% of companies with a known result are profitable

Concentration

97.8%

Of sales, in the hands of the top ten companies.

Share of the selection's turnover · 2025

Size of the selection

Updated 9/18/2026, 8:47:03 PM · balance sheets 2025 / 2024

Companies analysed
62
With at least one financial indicator available
Cumulative turnover
77.61M RON
52 companies with a known value
Cumulative net result
5.02M RON
62 companies · profit minus losses
Employees reported
216
50 companies · annual averages summed
/01Geography

Where business concentrates

Turnover and jobs, by the companies' current registered office. Pick a county from the list to continue the analysis.

Cluj holds 3.4% of observed sales in the selected sector, with 62 companies.

Counties by turnover

Top 8 · 2025 balance sheets · share of the located-county total

  1. 418.8M RON18.4%
  2. 380.62M RON16.8%
  3. 232.7M RON10.2%
  4. 155.65M RON6.9%
  5. 154.19M RON6.8%
  6. 132.48M RON5.8%
  7. 109.78M RON4.8%
  8. 102.61M RON4.5%

Where the employees are

Top 8 by reported average headcount · share of the located-county total

  1. 72519.3%
  2. 55614.8%
  3. 38510.2%
  4. 2396.4%
  5. 2165.7%
  6. 2055.5%
  7. 1784.7%
  8. 1534.1%
/02CAEN sectors

Which sectors drive the economy?

Compare the main activities in Cluj. Open a sector for details.

In Comercializarea energiei electrice (Rev.2) / Distribuția energiei electrice (Rev.3), ten companies make 100% of sales. In Transport rutier de mărfuri, only 39.8%.

SECTOR RADIOGRAPHY

Prelucrarea și conservarea fructelor și legumelor n.c.a. · Cluj

How much of a sector fits in ten companies?

Concentration extremes among the top 8 sectors by turnover · share of observed sales, not market share

  1. Comercializarea energiei electrice (Rev.2) / Distribuția energiei electrice (Rev.3)100%
  2. Transport rutier de mărfuri39.8%
41 sectors · descending orderTurnover · 2025
01
37 companies

10.02B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+2.4%

31 comparable

Top 10 companies

99.6%

02
1,528 companies

8.17B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+9.2%

1,080 comparable

Top 10 companies

52.2%

03
2,143 companies

5.1B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+3.9%

1,625 comparable

Top 10 companies

39.8%

04
13 companies

4.33B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+13.2%

7 comparable

Top 10 companies

100%

05
64 companies

3.65B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+9.1%

55 comparable

Top 10 companies

98.1%

06
171 companies

3.47B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024-1%

133 comparable

Top 10 companies

83.3%

07
2,729 companies

3.32B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+8%

2,285 comparable

Top 10 companies

46.8%

08
674 companies

3.25B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+5.2%

428 comparable

Top 10 companies

57.4%

09
2 companies

2.97B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024-0.2%

2 comparable

Top 10 companies

100%

10
1 companies

2.9B RON

Turnover · 2025/2024+10.6%

1 comparable

Top 10 companies

100%

One company, one main code. Growth uses the same companies in both years; missing values remain "—". CAEN definitions sit next to each name.

/03Performance

What the typical company looks like

Beyond the giants: sales and margin of the company in the middle of the distribution.

The typical company sells 24.44K RON a year and keeps 4.5% of sales as net profit.

Median turnover
24.44K RON
52 values available
Median net margin
4.5%
33 eligible companies
Aggregate net margin
7.1%
Cumulative profit / cumulative sales, same companies
Profitable companies
35.5%
22 of 62 with a known result
National median · CAEN 1039
3.5%
Same activity, all of Romania

Distribution of net margins

Companies by margin band · net profit / positive turnover

  • Loss1236.4%
  • Zero result00%
  • Above 0–2%39.1%
  • Above 2–5%26.1%
  • Above 5–10%26.1%
  • Above 10%1442.4%

33 companies with a known profit and positive sales; 29 excluded. Bands describe margins, not bankruptcy risk.

/04Change

Who grew. Who shrank.

Same companies, two years. Compare the change in sales with the change in jobs.

47.2% of the 36 comparable companies sold more in 2025 than in 2024.

Cumulative turnover
+0.8%
36 companies with turnover in both years
Median turnover change
+5.6%
Only companies with a positive 2024 baseline
Number of employees
+1.4%
32 companies with employees reported in both years

More sales or fewer?

Number of companies with comparable data, split by direction of change

  • Growth1747.2%
  • Decline1541.7%
  • No change411.1%

Nominal changes in RON, not adjusted for inflation. Companies without data in one of the years are not compared.

/05Dynamics

Company dynamics, county by county

Growth, survival, concentration, the trade register and state dependence in 2025: the national figure and the counties at both ends, for every map layer.

How much business grew on last year

Turnover change at the same companies · % vs 2025−1

Nationally: +0.8% in 2025. Highest values: Sălaj (+104.2%), Satu Mare (+85.1%), Gorj (+71.9%), Harghita (+50.3%), Giurgiu (+42%). Lowest: Bistrița-Năsăud (-67.8%), Hunedoara (-19%), Olt (-18.8%), Galați (-9%), Caraș-Severin (-3%). 34 counties with data.

The five-year growth pace

Average annual turnover growth at the same companies · % per year, 5 years

Nationally: +5.1% in 2025. Highest values: Brașov (+40.5%), Iași (+33.8%), Bacău (+31.8%), Sălaj (+27.1%), Giurgiu (+25.9%). Lowest: Harghita (-17.8%), Hunedoara (-16%), Bistrița-Năsăud (-14.8%), Vrancea (-9.8%), Suceava (-2.5%). 32 counties with data.

How many companies still file after five years

Companies that filed five years ago and still file in 2025 · %

Nationally: 73.1% in 2025. Highest values: Vaslui (88.9%), Giurgiu (87.5%), Suceava (83.3%), Brașov (81.5%), Teleorman (80%). Lowest: Satu Mare (25%), Călărași (33.3%), Tulcea (42.9%), Argeș (43.3%), Bistrița-Năsăud (45.5%). 41 counties with data.

Where money is lost

Companies with a net loss · % of those reporting a result

Nationally: 48.4% in 2025. Highest values: Tulcea (71.4%), Dolj (70%), Timiș (65%), Vaslui (62.5%), Sibiu (58.3%). Lowest: Iași (25.9%), Sălaj (28.6%), Brăila (28.6%), Dâmbovița (29%), Maramureș (31.8%). 38 counties with data.

Companies with negative equity

Companies with negative equity · % of those reporting equity

Nationally: 43.5% in 2025. Highest values: Sibiu (75%), Vaslui (75%), Giurgiu (71.4%), Tulcea (71.4%), Galați (70%). Lowest: Neamț (25%), Bistrița-Năsăud (25%), Mureș (29.4%), Iași (29.6%), Bacău (33.3%). 38 counties with data.

How much the top 10 hold

Share of the top 10 companies in turnover · %

Nationally: 97.8% in 2025. Highest values: Maramureș (100%), Argeș (99.9%), Alba (99.9%), Sălaj (99.9%), Prahova (99.8%). Lowest: Iași (93.7%), București (96.2%), Bihor (96.6%), Cluj (97.8%), Brașov (98.1%). 14 counties with data.

What the middle company earns

Median turnover · RON

Nationally: 24.44K RON in 2025. Highest values: Ilfov (968.95K RON), Călărași (621.11K RON), Iași (375.61K RON), Satu Mare (252.64K RON), Neamț (244.58K RON). Lowest: Mehedinți (0 RON), Ialomița (0 RON), Gorj (0 RON), Arad (290 RON), Olt (860 RON). 42 counties with data.

Turnover per employee

Turnover per employee · RON

Nationally: 357.06K RON in 2025. Highest values: Gorj (3.67M RON), Teleorman (1.04M RON), Alba (1.02M RON), Bacău (1.02M RON), Maramureș (850.41K RON). Lowest: Bistrița-Năsăud (15K RON), Ialomița (89.67K RON), Satu Mare (150.46K RON), Hunedoara (159.63K RON), Giurgiu (165.71K RON). 41 counties with data.

/06Data

The data behind the map

The same aggregates as on the map, also available as tables, with a stable citation for every version.

Analysis: DemoANAF.ro · Cluj · CAEN 1039.

In Cluj, the 2025 report covers 62 companies with available indicators (CAEN 1039). This is the observed sample, not the number of all registered companies.

The median net margin is 4.5% in 2025, computed for 33 companies with positive sales and a known net result, including loss-making companies. 29 companies do not meet these conditions.

3 companies have strictly positive margins of at most 2% (9.1% of eligible companies). 12 eligible companies have negative margins.

22 of 62 companies with a known net result are profitable: 35.5%. The cumulative net result, after subtracting losses, is 5.02M RON.

The cumulative turnover of the 36 comparable companies changed by +0.8% between 2024 and 2025, in nominal RON.

Counties · 42
Counties · 2025 balance sheets · values in RON · unknown values are marked "—".
Territory / activityCompaniesSalesNet profitEmployeesEquityMedian margin
Alba22155.65M RON-597.63K RON15337.19M RON5.2%
Arad1229.22M RON-354.25K RON365.59M RON-1%
Argeș22102.61M RON13.48M RON14335.95M RON5.7%
Bacău1211.38M RON1.26M RON112.46M RON-4.4%
Bihor55380.62M RON7.33M RON55674.23M RON3.5%
Bistrița-Năsăud8125.42K RON-237.32K RON11.3M RON-38.1%
Botoșani8584.51K RON-35.31K RON4-238.87K RON24%
Brăila1410.18M RON621.04K RON102.67M RON3.1%
Brașov235.78M RON523.51K RON17351.58K RON13%
București46132.48M RON636.82K RON239-1.37M RON0.9%
Buzău17154.19M RON18.9M RON205117.74M RON2.4%
Călărași428.01M RON582.85K RON6613.87M RON3.4%
Caraș-Severin111.96M RON420.54K RON81.21M RON5.7%
Cluj6277.61M RON5.02M RON21648.45M RON4.5%
Constanța138.75M RON973.03K RON177.25M RON12.7%
Covasna41M RON144.17K RON3272.36K RON14.1%
Dâmbovița3143.06M RON5.05M RON8316.77M RON8.6%
Dolj104.12M RON-93.53K RON12-861.27K RON-6.7%
Galați101.45M RON-104.78K RON5-2.36M RON6.2%
Giurgiu142.7M RON-500.43K RON16-1.83M RON-8.3%
Gorj1022.05M RON1.48M RON62.23M RON7.7%
Harghita2941.69M RON-23.61M RON56-22.7M RON18.3%
Hunedoara133.76M RON39.53K RON228.73M RON1.4%
Ialomița489.67K RON-37.2K RON1-480.63K RON-14.4%
Iași2731.63M RON2.47M RON599.42M RON9.6%
Ilfov17418.8M RON46.32M RON725161.73M RON1.5%
Maramureș2220.6M RON1.65M RON248.43M RON3.9%
Mehedinți10 RON-1.18K RON0-93.19K RON—
Mureș1753.27M RON1.92M RON7125.97M RON15.5%
Neamț1230.58M RON2.22M RON11116.05M RON7.6%
Olt1018.5M RON-4.13M RON47359.64K RON3.3%
Prahova29109.78M RON15.31M RON17845.83M RON6.2%
Sălaj2130.44M RON4.38M RON406.98M RON0.8%
Satu Mare102.92M RON-1.28M RON171.83M RON0.4%
Sibiu124.6M RON-853.43K RON19-3.81M RON12%
Suceava203.14M RON-260.68K RON16869.94K RON5.7%
Teleorman102.17M RON132.66K RON31.23M RON-0.7%
Timiș204.76M RON-313.97K RON211.69M RON-6.4%
Tulcea783.51M RON1.84M RON14651.34M RON-654.7%
Vâlcea13232.7M RON11.79M RON385150.64M RON2.7%
CAEN sectors · Cluj · 41
CAEN sectors · Cluj · 2025 balance sheets · values in RON · unknown values are marked "—".
Territory / activityCompaniesSalesNet profitEmployeesEquityMedian margin
Comerț cu carburanți · CAEN 47303710.02B RON327.17M RON6121.4B RON3.4%
Activități de realizare a soft-ului la comandă (software orientat client) · CAEN 62101,5288.17B RON983.37M RON20,6773B RON65.5%
Transport rutier de mărfuri · CAEN 49412,1435.1B RON237.95M RON9,431921M RON4.1%
Comercializarea energiei electrice (Rev.2) / Distribuția energiei electrice (Rev.3) · CAEN 3514134.33B RON789.72M RON6,3008.16B RON0.8%
Comerț cu ridicata al metalelor și minereurilor metalice (Rev.2) / Comerț cu ridicata al pieselor și accesoriilor pentru autovehicule (Rev.3) · CAEN 4672643.65B RON35.11M RON1,636480.76M RON2.5%
Lucrări de construcții a drumurilor și autostrăzilor · CAEN 42111713.47B RON481.93M RON3,2491.25B RON6.6%
Activități de realizare a soft-ului la comandă (software orientat client) · CAEN 62012,7293.32B RON613.98M RON7,8881.48B RON63.2%
Construcții de clădiri · CAEN 41006743.25B RON286.27M RON4,0701.26B RON13.7%
Fabricarea de aparate electrocasnice · CAEN 275122.97B RON157.21M RON3,6321.01B RON5.3%
Comercializarea combustibililor gazoși, prin conducte · CAEN 352312.9B RON339.47M RON1511.04B RON11.7%
Comerț cu ridicata nespecializat · CAEN 46904602.72B RON149.16M RON2,153715.23M RON4.3%
Lucrări de instalații electrice · CAEN 43216902.62B RON326.35M RON3,342775.18M RON10.3%
Comerț cu amănuntul al produselor farmaceutice · CAEN 47731281.93B RON62.3M RON1,227145.49M RON2.9%
Comerț cu ridicata nespecializat de produse alimentare, băuturi și tutun · CAEN 4639691.9B RON73.46M RON995172.41M RON5.3%
Activități de inginerie și consultanță tehnică legate de acestea · CAEN 71121,5451.86B RON314.18M RON3,969509.57M RON27.7%
Construcții de clădiri · CAEN 41202,1231.75B RON169.97M RON4,436831.29M RON8.1%
Fabricarea preparatelor farmaceutice · CAEN 212061.54B RON411.51M RON9511.35B RON6.6%
Comerț alimentar nespecializat · CAEN 47111,1111.42B RON49.8M RON2,881112.26M RON2.5%
Comerț cu ridicata al produselor din tutun · CAEN 463521.41B RON20.55M RON17861.36M RON8.8%
Distribuție farmaceutică și medicală · CAEN 46461071.28B RON117.09M RON618293.29M RON7.3%
Închirierea și subînchirierea bunurilor imobiliare proprii sau în leasing (Rev.2) / Închirierea și subînchirierea bunurilor imobiliare proprii sau închiriate (Rev.3) · CAEN 68201,2231.27B RON390.99M RON1,4184.17B RON25.2%
Comerț cu autoturisme și autovehicule ușoare (sub 3,5 tone) · CAEN 45112251.19B RON32.12M RON54499.64M RON0.7%
Fabricarea pâinii; fabricarea prăjiturilor și a produselor proaspete de patiserie · CAEN 10714511.12B RON-23.17M RON3,378-45.28M RON0.6%
Lucrări de instalații sanitare, de încălzire și de aer condiționat · CAEN 43227571.11B RON156.1M RON2,369377.71M RON12.2%
Comerț cu ridicata al materialului lemnos și a materialelor de construcție și echipamentelor sanitare · CAEN 46831231.09B RON60.26M RON1,160411.09M RON4.2%
Fabricarea de mobilă · CAEN 31001381.07B RON21.59M RON2,413396.69M RON2.2%
Fabricarea hârtiei și cartonului ondulat și a ambalajelor din hârtie și carton · CAEN 172150990.68M RON76.59M RON1,023789.65M RON4.4%
Comerț cu amănuntul al produselor alimentare, băuturilor și produselor din tutun efectuat prin standuri, chioșcuri și piețe (Rev.2) / Comerț cu amănuntul al autovehiculelor (Rev.3) · CAEN 4781184976.05M RON11.14M RON52669.45M RON0.4%
Fabricarea de construcții metalice și părți componente ale structurilor metalice · CAEN 2511371954.05M RON29.92M RON2,113349.49M RON5.8%
Lucrări de construcții a proiectelor utilitare pentru electricitate și telecomunicații · CAEN 422255952.09M RON96.25M RON1,614186.13M RON7.4%
Activități de asistență medicală specializată · CAEN 8622944886.22M RON195.56M RON2,009291.33M RON40.7%
Comerț cu ridicata al cerealelor, semințelor, furajelor și tutunului neprelucrat · CAEN 462152863.2M RON24.16M RON189159.51M RON1.5%
Activități ale agențiilor de publicitate · CAEN 73111,175849.56M RON212.35M RON1,881331.78M RON29.8%
Comerț cu amănuntul al îmbrăcămintei, în magazine specializate (Rev.2) / Comerț cu amănuntul al îmbrăcămintei (Rev.3) · CAEN 4771434840.37M RON155.66M RON1,390170.45M RON2.3%
Restaurante · CAEN 5610688821.21M RON6.54M RON3,15459.2M RON0.7%
Comerț cu ridicata al echipamentelor și furniturilor de fierărie pentru instalații sanitare și de încălzire · CAEN 468427799.3M RON51.77M RON477177.63M RON5.3%
Tratarea și eliminarea deșeurilor nepericuloase (Rev.2) / Recuperarea materialelor reciclabile (Rev.3) · CAEN 382130752.63M RON-4.31M RON465167.3M RON0.4%
Activități de consultanță în tehnologia informației și de management (gestiune și exploatare) a mijloacelor de calcul · CAEN 6220194670.15M RON65.5M RON1,745160.14M RON50.1%
Alte activități de servicii suport pentru întreprinderi n.c.a. · CAEN 8299366642.87M RON74.36M RON2,951146.16M RON25.4%
Comerț cu ridicata al mașinilor pentru industria textilă și al mașinilor de cusut și de tricotat (Rev.2) / Comerț cu ridicata al altor mașini și echipamente (Rev.3) · CAEN 466461625.6M RON40.65M RON457202.47M RON7.8%
Local units · Cluj · 20
Local units · Cluj · 2025 balance sheets · values in RON · unknown values are marked "—".
Territory / activityCompaniesSalesNet profitEmployeesEquityMedian margin
Cluj-Napoca2453.96M RON4.47M RON18843.77M RON0.6%
Dej379.96K RON-7.43K RON2595.42K RON19.3%
Jichișu de Jos10 RON2.22K RON050.75K RON—
Turda112.09K RON-1.52K RON2-1.32K RON-12.6%
Huedin20 RON-143.95K RON1-556.79K RON—
Borșa2927.26K RON337.44K RON1338.47K RON17.5%
Căianu1450 RON246 RON—446 RON54.7%
Călățele10 RON-350 RON00 RON—
Ceanu Mare1—-27.66K RON—-119.16K RON—
Ciucea21.07M RON-109.71K RON318.26K RON-0.1%
Ciurila337.97K RON-927 RON0-24.09K RON35.9%
Fizeșu Gherlii1—-1.38K RON—-375 RON—
Florești4140.2K RON-14.22K RON111.24K RON-9.7%
Mărișel224.01K RON3.92K RON0-172.42K RON20.7%
Mintiu Gherlii1158.16K RON21.47K RON—41.3K RON13.6%
Poieni219.02M RON344.38K RON93.53M RON2.3%
Tritenii de Jos132.83K RON-29.23K RON1148.05K RON-89%
Valea Ierii3255.58K RON44.54K RON1149.56K RON23.5%
Viișoara1704.69K RON108.6K RON3375.34K RON15.4%
Vultureni1—-77.39K RON1-156.8K RON—
SICAP tenders · values by territory

National series independent of CAEN: initiation notices published in 2025, by the authority's current office. Values are estimates, not payments.

Notices and estimated values, 2025
Territory / activityNoticesValue (RON)
Brașov8345.85B RON
Ialomița1801.07B RON
Iași1,08614.34B RON
Tulcea1771.17B RON
Mehedinți187918.76M RON
Vâlcea3842.27B RON
Mureș7408.41B RON
București6,659146.69B RON
Bacău4292.57B RON
Maramureș3712.83B RON
Botoșani3211.32B RON
Brăila3581.49B RON
Galați5775.68B RON
Dâmbovița3673.11B RON
Caraș-Severin2411.42B RON
Hunedoara4822.3B RON
Prahova5524.43B RON
Călărași174765.83M RON
Ilfov5536.78B RON
Constanța7577.24B RON
Bihor6584.49B RON
Sibiu9085.72B RON
Timiș9158.62B RON
Olt3041.2B RON
Cluj1,48415.53B RON
Vaslui3661.65B RON
Giurgiu1711.94B RON
Neamț3461.76B RON
Gorj6013.25B RON
Sălaj2651.1B RON
Alba3591.58B RON
Suceava5673.91B RON
Argeș5322.2B RON
Dolj66113.33B RON
Bistrița-Năsăud2721.71B RON
Teleorman2291.58B RON
Arad3863.25B RON
Buzău2781.02B RON
Vrancea2773.31B RON
Covasna2551.01B RON
Harghita3332.68B RON
Satu Mare2912.55B RON
Județ necunoscut2221.89M RON
UAT Cluj-Napoca1,24314.32B RON
UAT Dej34222.52M RON
UAT Mintiu Gherlii43.09M RON
UAT Turda28234.67M RON
UAT Vultureni1499.27K RON
UAT Câmpia Turzii1323.68M RON
UAT Gherla1855.2M RON

Cite the report

Computed on 9/18/2026, 8:47:03 PM · version 20260918174703963. Annual data may be revised when new balance sheets arrive.

DemoANAF.ro. Romania business report 2025 — Cluj, CAEN 1039. Version 20260918174703963, computed on 2026-09-18T17:47:03.963Z. https://demoanaf.ro/en/raport-afaceri-romania-2025?judet=Cluj&caen=1039#date-raport Data: https://demoanaf.ro/rapoarte/afaceri-romania-2025/date.csv?rev=20260918174703963

CSV · this versionCSV field definitionsMethodology and sources

/07Registrations

In which months do new companies appear?

SRL, SRL-D and SA registrations observed in Romania. National series, independent of the financial filters.

Most new companies appeared in July: 10,734 observed registrations.

Pace of registrations

Earliest available registration for each CUI · coverage not confirmed

Solid line: 2025

See the monthly data
Month2025
Jan6,313
Feb8,206
Mar8,589
Apr7,449
May8,145
Jun7,682
Jul10,734
Aug7,697
Sep9,208
Oct9,472
Nov9,682
Dec7,334

Coverage not confirmed: differences between series may reflect missing data. Months without observations do not mean zero.

/08Procurement

Companies and public procurement

Pace of distinct contracts recorded in SEAP. National series, by contract date.

The month with the most SEAP contracts was April: 12,765 distinct contracts.

Contracts recorded in SEAP

A contract's lots and suppliers are not counted as separate contracts

Solid line: 2025

See the monthly data
Month2025
Jan10,684
Feb9,665
Mar11,690
Apr12,765
May11,213
Jun9,725
Jul9,714
Aug9,094
Sep9,436
Oct12,761
Nov12,032
Dec9,769

Period coverage is not confirmed. We count contracts, not payments; awarded values are not actual spending.

/09Methodology

What we measure and what stays unknown

Every percentage must have a clear population, a period and a source.

Balance sheets and coverage

We analyse companies with financial indicators available for 2025. This is not a census of all companies and does not implicitly cover only SRL/SA. The coverage of each indicator is shown separately.

Year-on-year comparisons

Annual balance sheets do not measure H1 2026 results. Companies are linked by CUI. We compare only values available in both years. Geographic and CAEN groups are those of the 2025 cohort; we do not measure relocations or sector changes.

CAEN classification

We use the main code from the balance sheet, normalised to four digits. Authorised activities are not summed. Short titles describe the activities; the exact Rev.2 and Rev.3 definitions sit next to each code. Where they differ, both are shown, without assuming the company's revision or historical equivalence.

Missing values and rates

A missing value stays unknown. Margins require positive turnover and a known net result, including losses. The median treats every company equally. The aggregate margin uses the sums of profit and sales for exactly the same eligible companies. The bands are: below 0%, exactly 0%, above 0% up to and including 2%, above 2% up to and including 5%, above 5% up to and including 10%, and above 10%. They are not solvency thresholds. Growth rates are undefined when the baseline is zero or negative.

The map: capital, employees and tenders

Capital means equity (I10), including negative values, not turnover or share capital. Employees are the reported annual averages, attributed to the current office; the per-company average uses only companies with this indicator known. Tenders are initiation notices published in 2025, located by the authority's current office. Values are estimates, not payments. Colours use fixed numeric references, not ranks or quartiles. Margins have references at −10%, 0%, 2%, 5%, 10% and 20%; extreme values keep the exact number but saturate the colour. Totals use a logarithmic magnitude scale with references in the indicator's units. Each territory has a single observed value; we do not interpolate between localities. The same value keeps the same colour when the county, local unit or CAEN changes. Hatched areas have no values available. Local-unit boundaries come from ANCPI, processed by geo-spatial.org (2025). Localities are linked to local units through the INS SIRUTA 2025 nomenclature. Ambiguous addresses stay in the county total; local units use references adapted to local magnitude, constant across counties and years.

Currencies and exchange rates

All amounts are reported in RON. Conversion to EUR uses the annual average rate published by BNR for the report year; for USD, and for years without a published average, we use the arithmetic mean of the European Central Bank's daily reference rates. Today's rate is never used. It is an indicative conversion for comparison, not an accounting revaluation.

Updates

The report is recomputed periodically from the available data. The generation date does not prove the source is complete. Changes to balance sheets may revise this edition's results.

Sources: ANAF — balance sheets; ONRC — company register; SEAP / data.gov.ro — contracts. See the data sources. Download the SVG map · ANCPI boundaries · geo-spatial.org · INS · SIRUTA 2025