Romania, county by county. 2023

Name: Raport afaceri România 2023 — marje de profit, sectoare CAEN și județe — date agregate
Creator: DemoANAF.ro

Capital, people and business. Discover the differences on the map.

CSV data

42 TERRITORIES · BALANCE SHEETS AND TENDERS 2023

Where capital gathers

Pick a county

All economic activities2023

Equity · RON

Blue: low valuesYellow: high values

-9.1B

56B

323.6B

812B

1.5T

42 of 42 territories with values · Relative scale across counties in this selection · square-root spacing, anchored at zero. Colours are recalculated when the selection changes.▧ No data

Select a county

Romania · all sectors · balance sheets available for 2023

Adjusted statistics · 1 companies with excluded values

Only the listed indicators are excluded pending validation. Companies remain counted and original statements are preserved.

quality.undefined: Adjusted total: —; Source total: NaN RON

CUI · · quality.undefined: — · ANAF source

2 companies have large values or unusual annual changes. They are flagged for review, without automatic exclusion.

Sales

+3.4%

Higher sales, at the same companies.

658,626 comparable companies · 2023 / 2022

Profitability

10.1%

Net margin of the typical company.

721,045 eligible companies · 56.4% of companies with a known result are profitable

Concentration

7.3%

Of sales, in the hands of the top ten companies.

Share of the selection's turnover · 2023

Size of the selection

Updated 10/9/2026, 4:45:18 PM · balance sheets 2023 / 2022

Companies analysed: 946,529; With at least one financial indicator available
Cumulative turnover: 2.66T RON; 785,636 companies with a known value
Cumulative net result: 188.09B RON; 946,185 companies · profit minus losses
Employees reported: 4,312,565; 670,338 companies · annual averages summed

/01Geography

Where business concentrates

Turnover and jobs, by the companies' current registered office. Pick a county from the list to continue the analysis.

București holds 37.3% of observed sales, with 181,529 companies.

Counties by turnover

Top 8 · 2023 balance sheets · share of the located-county total

989.76B RON37.3%
192B RON7.2%
120.88B RON4.6%
117.47B RON4.4%
93.36B RON3.5%
85.08B RON3.2%
81.1B RON3.1%
67.5B RON2.5%

Where the employees are

Top 8 by reported average headcount · share of the located-county total

1,157,63926.9%
216,4255%
215,4775%
211,1034.9%
153,0903.6%
140,0853.3%
136,8383.2%
129,1053%

/02CAEN sectors

Which sectors drive the economy?

Compare the main activities in Romania. Open a sector for details.

In Comerț cu carburanți, ten companies make 85.7% of sales. In Transport rutier de mărfuri, only 6%.

SECTOR RADIOGRAPHY

All sectors · Romania

Sector (CAEN)

County

Locality

How much of a sector fits in ten companies?

Concentration extremes among the top 8 sectors by turnover · share of observed sales, not market share

Comerț cu carburanți85.7%
Transport rutier de mărfuri6%

Search a sector

Compare by

40 sectors · descending orderTurnover · 2023

47,337 companies

143.83B RON

Turnover · 2023/2022+13%

34,514 comparable

Top 10 companies

66.2%

Top 10 companies

66.2%

53,240 companies

89.97B RON

Turnover · 2023/2022+22.3%

34,495 comparable

Top 10 companies

13.1%

Top 10 companies

13.1%

1,303 companies

74.58B RON

Turnover · 2023/2022-11.7%

1,037 comparable

Top 10 companies

85.7%

Top 10 companies

85.7%

47,941 companies

73.27B RON

Turnover · 2023/2022+0.7%

33,959 comparable

Top 10 companies

2,002 companies

63.16B RON

Turnover · 2023/2022-2%

1,401 comparable

Top 10 companies

58.2%

Top 10 companies

58.2%

1,892 companies

59.01B RON

Turnover · 2023/2022+12.7%

1,443 comparable

Top 10 companies

42%

Top 10 companies

42%

4,807 companies

48.83B RON

Turnover · 2023/2022+23%

3,089 comparable

Top 10 companies

52.7%

Top 10 companies

52.7%

24,569 companies

45.65B RON

Turnover · 2023/2022+18%

16,291 comparable

Top 10 companies

20.6%

Top 10 companies

20.6%

8,226 companies

44.46B RON

Turnover · 2023/2022+3.1%

6,106 comparable

Top 10 companies

23.8%

Top 10 companies

23.8%

358 companies

43.29B RON

Turnover · 2023/2022+15.3%

292 comparable

Top 10 companies

54.6%

Top 10 companies

54.6%

One company, one main code. Growth uses the same companies in both years; missing values remain "—". CAEN definitions sit next to each name.

/03Performance

What the typical company looks like

Beyond the giants: sales and margin of the company in the middle of the distribution.

The typical company sells 181.35K RON a year and keeps 10.1% of sales as net profit.

Median turnover: 181.35K RON; 785,636 values available
Median net margin: 10.1%; 721,045 eligible companies
Aggregate net margin: 7.1%; Cumulative profit / cumulative sales, same companies
Profitable companies: 56.4%; 533,766 of 946,185 with a known result

Distribution of net margins

Companies by margin band · net profit / positive turnover

Loss194,29626.9%
Zero result3350%
Above 0–2%49,0176.8%
Above 2–5%51,1437.1%
Above 5–10%65,0489%
Above 10%361,20650.1%

721,045 companies with a known profit and positive sales; 225,484 excluded. Bands describe margins, not bankruptcy risk.

/04Change

Who grew. Who shrank.

Same companies, two years. Compare the change in sales with the change in jobs.

55.3% of the 658,626 comparable companies sold more in 2023 than in 2022.

Cumulative turnover: +3.4%; 658,626 companies with turnover in both years
Median turnover change: +6.2%; Only companies with a positive 2022 baseline
Number of employees: +0.7%; 553,977 companies with employees reported in both years

More sales or fewer?

Number of companies with comparable data, split by direction of change

Growth364,28655.3%
Decline258,31139.2%
No change36,0295.5%

Nominal changes in RON, not adjusted for inflation. Companies without data in one of the years are not compared.

/05Dynamics

Company dynamics, county by county

Growth, survival, concentration, the trade register and state dependence in 2023: the national figure and the counties at both ends, for every map layer.

How much business grew on last year

Turnover change at the same companies · % vs 2023−1

RO +3.4%

Nationally: +3.4% in 2023. Highest values: Gorj (+14.7%), Botoșani (+14.1%), Bacău (+13.9%), Vaslui (+11.1%), Prahova (+10.6%). Lowest: Galați (-11.7%), Ialomița (-7.8%), Brăila (-4.6%), Mureș (-4.4%), Constanța (-4.2%). 42 counties with data.

The five-year growth pace

Average annual turnover growth at the same companies · % per year, 5 years

RO +10.3%

Nationally: +10.3% in 2023. Highest values: Bacău (+18%), Giurgiu (+15.1%), Gorj (+14.4%), Botoșani (+13.9%), Mureș (+12.4%). Lowest: Argeș (+6.4%), Hunedoara (+6.6%), Prahova (+6.9%), Galați (+7%), Caraș-Severin (+7.1%). 42 counties with data.

How many companies still file after five years

Companies that filed five years ago and still file in 2023 · %

RO 74.6%

Nationally: 74.6% in 2023. Highest values: Harghita (83.3%), Mureș (79.5%), Suceava (78.6%), Covasna (78.6%), Cluj (78.2%). Lowest: Hunedoara (70.6%), Constanța (71.3%), Caraș-Severin (71.6%), Galați (71.7%), București (71.7%). 42 counties with data.

Where money is lost

Companies with a net loss · % of those reporting a result

RO 32.4%

Nationally: 32.4% in 2023. Highest values: Caraș-Severin (37.2%), Constanța (37%), Ilfov (36.4%), București (35.5%), Timiș (35.1%). Lowest: Neamț (24.9%), Vaslui (25.7%), Suceava (26.9%), Bacău (27.1%), Gorj (27.6%). 42 counties with data.

Companies with negative equity

Companies with negative equity · % of those reporting equity

RO 31.7%

Nationally: 31.7% in 2023. Highest values: Caraș-Severin (36.9%), Bihor (36.6%), Constanța (35.9%), Prahova (34.7%), Brăila (33.8%). Lowest: Vaslui (25.5%), Botoșani (25.9%), Neamț (26%), Bacău (26.5%), Harghita (26.6%). 42 counties with data.

How much the top 10 hold

Share of the top 10 companies in turnover · %

RO 7.3%

Nationally: 7.3% in 2023. Highest values: Olt (51.1%), Bacău (50.3%), Alba (49.5%), Gorj (48%), Argeș (45.9%). Lowest: Iași (11.1%), Bihor (16.4%), Suceava (16.7%), București (17%), Mehedinți (18.1%). 42 counties with data.

What the middle company earns

Median turnover · RON

RO 181.35K RON

Nationally: 181.35K RON in 2023. Highest values: Harghita (223.82K RON), Ialomița (221.65K RON), Covasna (217.06K RON), Ilfov (210.83K RON), Călărași (208.7K RON). Lowest: Gorj (135.95K RON), Vrancea (138.02K RON), Hunedoara (138.6K RON), Galați (146.53K RON), Bistrița-Năsăud (150.68K RON). 42 counties with data.

Turnover per employee

Turnover per employee · RON

RO 603.29K RON

Nationally: 603.29K RON in 2023. Highest values: Ilfov (871.43K RON), București (825.02K RON), Argeș (674.04K RON), Constanța (654.21K RON), Bacău (625.25K RON). Lowest: Mehedinți (281.06K RON), Caraș-Severin (293.92K RON), Hunedoara (334.64K RON), Vrancea (343.75K RON), Gorj (352.46K RON). 42 counties with data.

Where companies are born and where they vanish

Registrations minus strike-offs per 1,000 active companies · ‰

RO +72.5‰

Nationally: +72.5‰ in 2023. Highest values: Ilfov (+115.3‰), Sibiu (+85.4‰), Iași (+84‰), Giurgiu (+80.1‰), Dâmbovița (+79.5‰). Lowest: Harghita (+43.2‰), Covasna (+50‰), Tulcea (+53.6‰), Caraș-Severin (+54.9‰), Neamț (+59.5‰). 42 counties with data.

How much business comes from the state

SICAP contracts won by local companies · % of turnover

RO 24%

Nationally: 24% in 2023. Highest values: Galați (50.4%), Mureș (48.5%), Hunedoara (45.4%), Botoșani (40.9%), Ilfov (32.9%). Lowest: Vrancea (4%), Arad (4.6%), Harghita (4.7%), Constanța (4.8%), Vâlcea (5.8%). 42 counties with data.

/06Data

The data behind the map

The same aggregates as on the map, also available as tables, with a stable citation for every version.

Analysis: DemoANAF.ro · Romania · all activities.

In Romania, the 2023 report covers 946,529 companies with available indicators (all activities). This is the observed sample, not the number of all registered companies.

The median net margin is 10.1% in 2023, computed for 721,045 companies with positive sales and a known net result, including loss-making companies. 225,484 companies do not meet these conditions.

49,017 companies have strictly positive margins of at most 2% (6.8% of eligible companies). 194,296 eligible companies have negative margins.

533,766 of 946,185 companies with a known net result are profitable: 56.4%. The cumulative net result, after subtracting losses, is 188.09B RON.

The cumulative turnover of the 658,626 comparable companies changed by +3.4% between 2022 and 2023, in nominal RON.

Counties · 43

Counties · 2023 balance sheets · values in RON · unknown values are marked "—".
Territory / activity	Companies	Sales	Net profit	Employees	Equity	Median margin
Alba	14,907	42.03B RON	2.18B RON	68,478	11.62B RON	7.4%
Arad	19,654	51.43B RON	3.26B RON	92,587	14.59B RON	8.2%
Argeș	26,570	93.36B RON	4.87B RON	136,838	45.34B RON	8.4%
Bacău	19,575	56.69B RON	7.08B RON	89,980	32.59B RON	10.3%
Bihor	33,769	59.23B RON	3.54B RON	125,276	16.58B RON	7.1%
Bistrița-Năsăud	12,875	20.07B RON	1.56B RON	48,811	6.43B RON	8.1%
Botoșani	7,528	14.43B RON	1.04B RON	31,959	3.74B RON	7.7%
Brăila	9,546	13.88B RON	972.7M RON	34,097	4.99B RON	6.2%
Brașov	34,623	81.1B RON	5.27B RON	153,090	25.7B RON	10.8%
București	181,529	989.76B RON	73.24B RON	1,157,639	1.52T RON	14.8%
Buzău	14,683	28.6B RON	1.45B RON	56,081	7.57B RON	8.1%
Călărași	7,826	15.09B RON	483.53M RON	27,135	6.51B RON	7.8%
Caraș-Severin	7,156	8.48B RON	507.91M RON	28,659	2.36B RON	5%
Cluj	58,377	117.47B RON	11.14B RON	215,477	47.24B RON	13.9%
Constanța	36,921	85.08B RON	6.14B RON	129,105	26.4B RON	10.5%
Covasna	6,158	11.35B RON	687.89M RON	27,999	4.7B RON	7.7%
Dâmbovița	14,119	25.73B RON	2.03B RON	53,984	7.65B RON	9%
Dolj	24,570	53.39B RON	3.27B RON	97,249	19.05B RON	10%
Galați	18,620	35.85B RON	54.3M RON	76,327	11.37B RON	7.9%
Giurgiu	8,617	13.72B RON	943.37M RON	25,532	3.26B RON	8.1%
Gorj	11,865	16.09B RON	1.99B RON	44,896	6.05B RON	9.7%
Harghita	11,067	19.02B RON	1.48B RON	50,537	7.47B RON	7.1%
Hunedoara	14,641	19.02B RON	239.99M RON	55,751	-9.12B RON	6.6%
Ialomița	6,990	12.55B RON	414.07M RON	24,243	5.09B RON	7%
Iași	32,035	49.8B RON	5.14B RON	124,661	20.84B RON	12.1%
Ilfov	51,532	192B RON	12.62B RON	216,425	62.15B RON	12%
Județ necunoscut	1,318	2.59B RON	106.98M RON	15,833	3.66B RON	2.3%
Maramureș	18,770	30.68B RON	2.19B RON	81,873	9.68B RON	6.5%
Mehedinți	5,487	5.39B RON	249.45M RON	18,721	1.28B RON	8.5%
Mureș	22,654	53.06B RON	2.9B RON	95,385	21.46B RON	10.5%
Neamț	14,453	20.33B RON	1.71B RON	51,624	7.44B RON	8.9%
Olt	11,862	25.81B RON	819.33M RON	46,325	10.33B RON	9.7%
Prahova	30,613	67.5B RON	5.09B RON	140,085	24.04B RON	8.6%
Sălaj	8,720	13.94B RON	1.53B RON	29,258	6.34B RON	8.4%
Satu Mare	12,344	30.12B RON	1.77B RON	58,495	8.51B RON	7%
Sibiu	20,843	57.82B RON	5.98B RON	112,653	29.31B RON	10.5%
Suceava	21,618	34.15B RON	3.08B RON	78,674	12.47B RON	7.3%
Teleorman	8,388	10.72B RON	591.72M RON	27,433	2.55B RON	6.8%
Timiș	41,703	120.88B RON	6.82B RON	211,103	39.27B RON	11.6%
Tulcea	7,910	13.34B RON	500.22M RON	29,726	4.35B RON	8.1%

CAEN sectors · Romania · 40

CAEN sectors · Romania · 2023 balance sheets · values in RON · unknown values are marked "—".
Territory / activity	Companies	Sales	Net profit	Employees	Equity	Median margin
Comerț alimentar nespecializat · CAEN 4711	47,337	143.83B RON	4.57B RON	182,913	24.03B RON	2.8%
Construcții de clădiri · CAEN 4120	53,240	89.97B RON	9.69B RON	222,097	26.68B RON	9.7%
Comerț cu carburanți · CAEN 4730	1,303	74.58B RON	1.7B RON	14,672	7.18B RON	2.4%
Transport rutier de mărfuri · CAEN 4941	47,941	73.27B RON	4.4B RON	159,020	14.19B RON	5.5%
Comerț cu ridicata al cerealelor, semințelor, furajelor și tutunului neprelucrat · CAEN 4621	2,002	63.16B RON	302.02M RON	8,164	4.9B RON	1.5%
Distribuție farmaceutică și medicală · CAEN 4646	1,892	59.01B RON	2.99B RON	21,416	11.42B RON	8.1%
Comerț cu autoturisme și autovehicule ușoare (sub 3,5 tone) · CAEN 4511	4,807	48.83B RON	1.86B RON	17,813	5.65B RON	1.7%
Activități de realizare a soft-ului la comandă (software orientat client) · CAEN 6201	24,569	45.65B RON	6.56B RON	118,861	15.24B RON	63%
Comerț cu ridicata nespecializat · CAEN 4690	8,226	44.46B RON	3.63B RON	37,711	13.52B RON	7.4%
Fabricarea altor piese și accesorii pentru autovehicule și pentru motoare de autovehicule · CAEN 2932	358	43.29B RON	687.38M RON	64,451	11.56B RON	2.6%
Comerț cu ridicata nespecializat de produse alimentare, băuturi și tutun · CAEN 4639	2,316	42.96B RON	1.17B RON	30,693	7.07B RON	3.4%
Fabricarea de echipamente electrice și electronice pentru autovehicule și pentru motoare de autovehicule · CAEN 2931	86	41.43B RON	705.26M RON	71,574	7.61B RON	4.2%
Producția de energie electrică · CAEN 3511	4,208	39.9B RON	12.18B RON	24,220	75.08B RON	45.4%
Fabricarea autovehiculelor · CAEN 2910	35	39.89B RON	511.08M RON	17,336	26.15B RON	1.8%
Lucrări de construcții a drumurilor și autostrăzilor · CAEN 4211	2,667	39.04B RON	2.69B RON	50,473	8.05B RON	10.4%
Comercializarea energiei electrice (Rev.2) / Distribuția energiei electrice (Rev.3) · CAEN 3514	255	37.49B RON	1.4B RON	2,348	1.92B RON	6.1%
Extracția petrolului brut · CAEN 0610	22	34.21B RON	3.99B RON	7,904	32.59B RON	-11.1%
Cultivarea cerealelor (excluzând orezul), plantelor leguminoase și a plantelor oleaginoase · CAEN 0111	11,064	33.65B RON	881.04M RON	45,975	27.71B RON	3.5%
Comerț cu ridicata al materialului lemnos și al materialelor de construcții și echipamentelor sanitare (Rev.2) / Comerț cu ridicata al motocicletelor; comerț cu ridicata al pieselor și accesoriilor pentru motociclete (Rev.3) · CAEN 4673	7,628	33.44B RON	1.6B RON	34,026	9.77B RON	4.7%
Comerț cu ridicata al combustibililor solizi, lichizi și gazoși al produselor derivate (Rev.2) / Comerț cu ridicata al autovehiculelor (Rev.3) · CAEN 4671	1,190	32.88B RON	1.11B RON	8,157	3.33B RON	3.4%
Comerț cu amănuntul al produselor farmaceutice · CAEN 4773	3,956	31.37B RON	1.32B RON	38,411	4.64B RON	4.2%
Restaurante · CAEN 5610	18,770	23.7B RON	2.5B RON	106,288	5.58B RON	5%
Comerț cu ridicata al produselor chimice · CAEN 4675	1,184	22.82B RON	772.27M RON	7,419	6.16B RON	5.3%
Comerț cu ridicata de piese și accesorii pentru autovehicule · CAEN 4531	2,542	21.6B RON	882.93M RON	18,776	4.91B RON	5.3%
Comerț cu amănuntul al articolelor de fierărie, al articolelor din sticlă și a celor pentru vopsit, în magazine specializate (Rev.2) / Comerț cu amănuntul al articolelor de fierărie, al materialelor de construcții, al articolelor din sticlă și a celor pentru vopsit (Rev.3) · CAEN 4752	2,605	20.34B RON	1.99B RON	24,732	7.5B RON	4.4%
Dezvoltare (promovare) imobiliară · CAEN 4110	8,257	20.1B RON	2.96B RON	11,580	25.88B RON	12.9%
Fabricarea produselor obținute din prelucrarea țițeiului · CAEN 1920	46	19.73B RON	-469.55M RON	2,089	225.69M RON	4%
Lucrări de instalații electrice · CAEN 4321	9,319	19.65B RON	2.7B RON	46,548	6.23B RON	13.7%
Activități de inginerie și consultanță tehnică legate de acestea · CAEN 7112	18,644	19.61B RON	3.85B RON	53,385	9.6B RON	30.9%
Fabricarea lagărelor, angrenajelor, cutiilor de viteză și a elementelor mecanice de transmisie · CAEN 2815	70	19.4B RON	431.86M RON	15,183	4.39B RON	2.9%
Activități de consultanță pentru afaceri și management · CAEN 7022	25,220	19.23B RON	3.74B RON	42,152	1.04T RON	29.4%
Alte activități anexe transporturilor · CAEN 5229	2,736	18.93B RON	1.05B RON	20,311	3.41B RON	8.3%
Comercializarea combustibililor gazoși, prin conducte · CAEN 3523	52	18.14B RON	623.99M RON	914	2.66B RON	2.8%
Comerț cu amănuntul prin intermediul caselor de comenzi sau prin internet (Rev.2) / Intermedieri în comerțul cu amănuntul nespecializat (Rev.3) · CAEN 4791	24,967	18.02B RON	1.45B RON	22,653	3.17B RON	5.9%
Închirierea și subînchirierea bunurilor imobiliare proprii sau în leasing (Rev.2) / Închirierea și subînchirierea bunurilor imobiliare proprii sau închiriate (Rev.3) · CAEN 6820	15,099	17.64B RON	3.26B RON	24,104	70.3B RON	28.6%
Comerț cu amănuntul al articolelor și aparatelor electrocasnice · CAEN 4754	553	17.11B RON	318.64M RON	10,269	3.27B RON	4.1%
Comerț cu amănuntul al îmbrăcămintei, în magazine specializate (Rev.2) / Comerț cu amănuntul al îmbrăcămintei (Rev.3) · CAEN 4771	7,419	16.63B RON	1.27B RON	26,527	3.33B RON	3.5%
Distribuția combustibililor gazoși, prin conducte · CAEN 3522	54	16.29B RON	494.27M RON	10,401	11.95B RON	9.1%
Comerț cu ridicata al produselor din tutun · CAEN 4635	79	14.59B RON	1.91B RON	2,907	2.8B RON	2%
Lucrări de instalații sanitare, de încălzire și de aer condiționat · CAEN 4322	10,625	14.52B RON	1.81B RON	43,003	4.36B RON	10%

SICAP tenders · values by territory

National series independent of CAEN: initiation notices published in 2023, by the authority's current office. Values are estimates, not payments.

Notices and estimated values, 2023
Territory / activity	Notices	Value (RON)
Brașov	761	4.45B RON
Iași	1,181	8.91B RON
Tulcea	335	2.15B RON
Satu Mare	319	1.86B RON
Mehedinți	233	1.92B RON
Vâlcea	401	2.42B RON
Ilfov	600	4.89B RON
Mureș	737	5.36B RON
București	7,553	524.78B RON
Bacău	600	6.02B RON
Maramureș	446	5.63B RON
Botoșani	493	2.88B RON
Cluj	1,983	17.75B RON
Galați	637	4.83B RON
Brăila	367	2.04B RON
Hunedoara	555	3.65B RON
Giurgiu	241	2.84B RON
Gorj	726	2.53B RON
Ialomița	219	1.66B RON
Călărași	277	3.42B RON
Prahova	688	8.92B RON
Constanța	964	8.38B RON
Bihor	678	4.5B RON
Sibiu	1,135	8.34B RON
Vaslui	444	2.79B RON
Olt	357	1.81B RON
Suceava	688	5.01B RON
Neamț	427	2.56B RON
Sălaj	324	1.26B RON
Harghita	327	2.05B RON
Alba	419	2.67B RON
Timiș	861	6.08B RON
Teleorman	319	1.87B RON
Caraș-Severin	259	2.8B RON
Dolj	720	6.22B RON
Dâmbovița	418	2.55B RON
Bistrița-Năsăud	323	3.63B RON
Arad	371	2.46B RON
Buzău	383	3.71B RON
Argeș	563	2.78B RON
Vrancea	390	2.65B RON
Covasna	205	1B RON
Județ necunoscut	21	188.2M RON

Cite the report

Computed on 10/9/2026, 4:45:18 PM · version 20261009134518927. Annual data may be revised when new balance sheets arrive.

DemoANAF.ro. Romania business report 2023 — Romania, all activities. Version 20261009134518927, computed on 2026-10-09T13:45:18.927Z. https://demoanaf.ro/en/raport-afaceri-romania-2023#date-raport Data: https://demoanaf.ro/rapoarte/afaceri-romania-2023/date.csv?rev=20261009134518927

CSV · this version CSV field definitions Methodology and sources

/07Registrations

In which months do new companies appear?

SRL, SRL-D and SA registrations observed in Romania. National series, independent of the financial filters.

Most new companies appeared in March: 9,959 observed registrations.

Pace of registrations

Earliest available registration for each CUI · coverage not confirmed

Solid line: 2023

See the monthly data

Month	2023
Jan	7,583
Feb	9,480
Mar	9,959
Apr	6,897
May	8,931
Jun	7,420
Jul	7,407
Aug	8,258
Sep	8,107
Oct	8,703
Nov	9,295
Dec	7,164

Coverage not confirmed: differences between series may reflect missing data. Months without observations do not mean zero.

/08Procurement

Companies and public procurement

Pace of distinct contracts recorded in SICAP. National series, by contract date.

The month with the most SICAP contracts was May: 12,082 distinct contracts.

Contracts recorded in SICAP

A contract's lots and suppliers are not counted as separate contracts

Solid line: 2023

See the monthly data

Month	2023
Jan	9,759
Feb	9,145
Mar	11,731
Apr	10,656
May	12,082
Jun	10,692
Jul	11,419
Aug	10,820
Sep	10,011
Oct	11,026
Nov	9,082
Dec	7,051

Period coverage is not confirmed. We count contracts, not payments; awarded values are not actual spending.

/09Methodology

What we measure and what stays unknown

Every percentage must have a clear population, a period and a source.

Balance sheets and coverage

We analyse companies with financial indicators available for 2023. This is not a census of all companies and does not implicitly cover only SRL/SA. The coverage of each indicator is shown separately.

Year-on-year comparisons

Annual balance sheets do not measure H1 2024 results. Companies are linked by CUI. We compare only values available in both years. Geographic and CAEN groups are those of the 2023 cohort; we do not measure relocations or sector changes.

CAEN classification

We use the main code from the balance sheet, normalised to four digits. Authorised activities are not summed. Short titles describe the activities; the exact Rev.2 and Rev.3 definitions sit next to each code. Where they differ, both are shown, without assuming the company's revision or historical equivalence.

Missing values and rates

A missing value stays unknown. Margins require positive turnover and a known net result, including losses. The median treats every company equally. The aggregate margin uses the sums of profit and sales for exactly the same eligible companies. The bands are: below 0%, exactly 0%, above 0% up to and including 2%, above 2% up to and including 5%, above 5% up to and including 10%, and above 10%. They are not solvency thresholds. Growth rates are undefined when the baseline is zero or negative.

The map: capital, employees and tenders

Capital means equity (I10), including negative values, not turnover or share capital. Employees are the reported annual averages, attributed to the current office; the per-company average uses only companies with this indicator known. Tenders are initiation notices published in 2023, located by the authority's current office. Values are estimates, not payments. Colours use fixed numeric references, not ranks or quartiles. Margins have references at −10%, 0%, 2%, 5%, 10% and 20%; extreme values keep the exact number but saturate the colour. Totals use a logarithmic magnitude scale with references in the indicator's units. Each territory has a single observed value; we do not interpolate between localities. The same value keeps the same colour when the county, local unit or CAEN changes. Hatched areas have no values available. Local-unit boundaries come from ANCPI, processed by geo-spatial.org (2025). Localities are linked to local units through the INS SIRUTA 2025 nomenclature. Ambiguous addresses stay in the county total; local units use references adapted to local magnitude, constant across counties and years.

Currencies and exchange rates

All amounts are reported in RON. Conversion to EUR uses the annual average rate published by BNR for the report year; for USD, and for years without a published average, we use the arithmetic mean of the European Central Bank's daily reference rates. Today's rate is never used. It is an indicative conversion for comparison, not an accounting revaluation.

Updates

The report is recomputed periodically from the available data. The generation date does not prove the source is complete. Changes to balance sheets may revise this edition's results.

Sources: ANAF — balance sheets; ONRC — company register; SICAP / data.gov.ro — contracts. See the data sources. Download the SVG map · ANCPI boundaries · geo-spatial.org · INS · SIRUTA 2025